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Soil contact toxicity of insecticides to the european earwigForficula auricularia [Dermaptera]

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Abstract

The soil contact effects of several commonly used agricultural insecticides on 2nd instar and adultForficula auricularia (L.) were studied in the laboratory. The earwigs were individually confined on soil surfaces sprayed under a track sprayer.

Pirimicarb had no effect on either adult or 2nd instar earwigs. The LD50,s of 2nd instar earwigs for γ HCH, fenitrothion, DDT and dimethoate were all lower than their normal field rates. Second instars were more susceptible to dimethoate and cypermethrin than adults. The pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin had LD50,s above normal field rates. However, high levels of knockdown were induced by both insecticides at concentrations below normal application rates. The effects of this in the field remain unknown.

Résumé

L'importance deForficula auricularia en tant que prédateur polyphage des pucerons des céréales et de ceux d'autres cultures est bien connue. La toxicité par contact, sur les larves au 2e stade et sur les adultes deF. auricularia de quelques insecticides d'usage courant, appliqués sur des sols, est étudiée en laboratoire.

Les sujets deF. auricularia sont maintenus à la surface des sols, traités au moyen d'un banc de pulvérisation (track sprayer). Le pirimicarbe n'a d'effet, ni sur les larves au 2e stade, ni sur les adultes. Les larves du 2e stade sont plus sensibles au diméthoate que ne le sont les adultes. Les DL 50 des larves de forficules au 2e stade pour l'H.C.H., le fenitrothion, le DDT et pour le dimethoate sont, dans l'ordre de 35, 148, 65 et 155 g de matière active par hectare. Dans tous ces cas, les DL 50 sont inférieures aux doses d'utilisation. Les DL 50 des deux pyréthrinoïdes, cyperméthrine (105 g m.a./ha et deltaméthrine (17 g m.a./ha), sont supérieures aux doses d'utilisation pratique. Cependant, cyperiméthrine et deltaméthrine provoquent aux doses d'utilisation un effet de choc (knockdown) chez, respectivement, 100 % et 80 % des sujets. L'effet de choc persiste au plus pendant 48 heures. Pour la perméthrine 50 % des sujets en état de choc, ne se remettent pas; pour la deltaméthrine, ce chiffre est de 38 %.

L'action des différents insecticides testés est discutée et comparée à celle connue envers d'autres prédateurs aphidiphages, de même que sont avancés des concepts concernant les répercussions possibles sur les populations naturelles que pourrait entraîner leur utilisation. Les effets dûs à l'action de choc provoquée par les pyréthrinoïdes ne sont pas connus, mais il est certain que les sujets maintenus en état d'immobilité prolongée, sont plus exposés à la prédation, ainsi qu'à la dessication.

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Ffrench-Constant, R.H., Vickerman, G.P. Soil contact toxicity of insecticides to the european earwigForficula auricularia [Dermaptera] . Entomophaga 30, 271–278 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372228

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