Abstract
The problem of nondestructive determination of the state-of-charge of nickel-cadmium batteries has been examined experimentally as well as theoretically from the viewpoint of internal impedance. It is shown that the modulus of the impedance is mainly controlled by diffusion at all states of charge. Even so, a prediction of the state of charge is possible if the equivalent series/parallel capacitance or the alternating current phase shift is measured at a sufficiently low a.c. test frequency (5–30 Hz) which also avoids inductive effects. These results are explained on the basis of a uniform transmission-line analog equivalent circuit for the battery electrodes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Lerner, H. Lennon and H. Seiger, ‘Power Sources’, Vol. 3, (ed. D. H. Collins) Pergamon Press (1971) p. 135.
H. Lurie, H. N. Seiger and R. C. Shair,Proceedings of 17th Annual Power Source Conference (1963) p. 110.
R. H. W. Sieh,Electrochim. Acta. 13 (1964) 2139.
J. J. Winter, J. Breslin, R. L. Ross and H. A. Leupold,J. Electrochem. Soc. 122 (1975) 1434.
D. C. Jones, NTIS, US Department of Commerce Report No. AFAPL-TR-75-83 (1975).
‘Eveready Battery Applications and Engineering Data”, Copyright, Union Carbide Corp., New York (1971).
W. J. Hammer, ‘Primary Battery’, Vol. 2, (eds. N. C. Cahoon and G. W. Heise), The Electrochemical Society USA (1976) p. 429.
R. B. Naugle and A. W. Speyers,Proceedings of 13th Annual Power Source Conference (1959) p. 97.
E. Dowgiallo and F. Belvoir,Proceedings of the Annual Battery Workshop, Goddard Space Flight Centre (1974) p. 32.
A. Fleischer, ‘Power Sources’ Vol. 3 (ed. D. H. Collins) Pergamon Press (1971).
N. Latner,Rev. Sci. Inst. 40 (1969) 364.
R. R. Secunde and A. G. Birchenough,Chem. Abstr. 73 (1970) 83 023r.
K. J. Euler,Electrochim. Acta 17 (1972) 619.
S. Sathyanarayana, S. Venugopalan and M. L. Gopikanth,J. Appl. Electrochem. 8 (1978) 479.
M. Sluyters-Rehbach and J. H. Sluyters, ‘Electroanalytical Chemistry’, Vol. 8 (ed. A. J. Bard) Marcel Dekker Inc, (1971) p. 157.
S. K. Rangarajan,J. Electroanalyt. Chem. 22 (1969) 89.
R. de Levie, ‘Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering’ Vol. 6 (eds. P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias), Interscience (1967) p. 329.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
On leave from Tamil Nadu Alkaline Batteries Ltd, Madras, India.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sathyanarayana, S., Venugopalan, S. & Gopikanth, M.L. Impedance parameters and the state-of charge. I. Nickel-cadmium battery. J Appl Electrochem 9, 125–139 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00620594
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00620594