Summary
Thirty-five printing workers were investigated according to their external and internal exposure to toluene. The concentration of toluene in the air of the working place was determined using stationary air sampling and gas chromatography. To determine the levels of toluene in blood as well as the concentrations of o-cresol, hippuric acid, and phenol in urine, biological specimens were collected at the end of exposure. The parameters were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. According to our results, o-cresol concentrations higher than 5.3 mg per litre of post-shift urine might indicate an external exposure higher than the present MAK-value of 200 ppm.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersson R, Carlsson A, Byfält Nordqvist M, Sollenberg J (1983) Urinary excretion of hippuric acid and o-cresol after laboratory exposure of humans to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 53:101–108
Angerer J, Baumann K (1978) Cresoles-metabolites of toluene. XIX. International Congress on Occupational Health, Dubrovnik, 25.–30. September 1978
Angerer J (1979) Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. VII. Metabolism of toluene in man. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 43:63–67
Angerer J (1983) Prävention beruflich bedingter Gesundheitsschäden durch Benzol, Toluol, Xylole and Ethylbenzol. Band 71 der Schriftenreihe Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Präventivmedizin. AW Gentner Verlag, Stuttgart
Apostoli P, Brugnone F, Perbellini L, Cocheo V, Bellomo ML, Sivestri R (1982) Biomonitoring of occupational toluene exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 50:153–168
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1984) Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen und Biologische Arbeitsstofftoleranzwerte. Mitteilung XX der Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
Døssing M, Baelum J, Hansen SH, Lundgvist GR, Andersen NT (1983) Urinary hippuric acid and orthocresol excretion in man during experimental exposure to toluene. Br J Ind Med 40:470–473
Gutewort T, Gartzke J, Pannier R (1981) Die Hippursäureausscheidungsrate in Harn zur Bewertung einer beruflichen Toluolexposition. Z Ges Hyg 27:57–63
Hansen SH (1982) Determination of urinary hippuric acid and o-cresol, as indices of toluene exposure by liquid chromatography on dynamically modified silica. J Chromatogr 229:141–148
Hasegawa K, Shiojima S, Koizumi A, Ikeda M (1983) Hippuric acid and o-cresol in the urine of workers exposed to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 52:197–208
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften (1983) Berufsgenossenschaftliche Grundsätze für arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchungen. Gentner Verlag, Stuttgart
Lauwerys R (1979) Human biological monitoring of industrial chemicals. 1. Benzene. Commission of the European Communities Health and Safety Directorate (ed) EVR 6570 EN
Lewalter J (1983) Persönliche Mitteilung
Pädffli P, Savolainen H, Kalliomäki PL, Kalliokoski P (1979) Urinary o-cresol in toluene exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 5:286–289
Woiwode W, Wodarz R, Drysch K, Weichardt H (1979) Metabolism of toluene in man: gaschromatographic determination of o-, m-, and p-cresol in urine. Arch Toxicol 43:93–98
Woiwode W, Drysch K (1981) Experimental exposure to toluene: further consideration of cresol formation in man. Br J Ind Med 38:194–197
Zielhuis RL (1980) Recent and potential advances applicable to the protection of workers' health. Biological monitoring. International seminar: assessment of toxic agents at the workplace—roles of ambient and biological monitoring, Luxemburg, 8.–12. Dezember 1980
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Angerer, J. Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents XII. O-cresol excretion after toluene exposure. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath 56, 323–328 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405273
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405273