Abstract
Two experiments examined free recall of aurally presented passages as a function of the size of the lag between repetitions of the passages. Experiment 1 demonstrated a significant lag effect up to lags of four passages. Experiment 2 extended the findings of the first experiment to lags of eight passages. Recall of the passages was shown to be a linear function of lag up to lags of eight passages.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References Note
McCabe, L., Warren, R., Madigan, S. A., & Jenkins, J. J. Within-list repetitions of types and tokens: The disappearing lag effect when pictures are used. Unpublished manuscript, 1976.
Kraft, R. N., Kreps, J., & Jenkins, J. J. The lag effect in connected discourse. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston, April 1980.
References
Bjork, R. A., & Allen, T. W. The spacing effect: Consolidation or differential encoding? Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1970, 9, 567–572.
Carter, J. F., & Carrier, C. Prose organization and recall. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1976,1, 329-345.
D’Agostino, P. R., & DeRemer, P. Item repetition in free and cued recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972,11, 54-58.
DeRemer, P., & D’Agostino, P. R. Locus of distributed lag effect in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1974,13,167-171.
Gartman, L. M., & Johnson, N. F. Massed versus distributed repetition of homographs: A test of the differential encoding hypothesis. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972,11, 801-808.
Hintzman, D. L. Theoretical implications of the spacing effect. In R. L. Solso (Ed.), Theories in cognitive psychology: The Loyola symposium. Potomac, Md: Erlbaum, 1974.
Hintzman, D. L., & Rogers, M. K. Spacing effects in picture memory. Memory & Cognition, 1973, 1, 430–434.
Hintzman, D. L., Summers, J. J., & Block, R. A. What causes the spacing effect? Some effects of repetition, duration, and spacing on memory for pictures. Memory & Cognition, 1975, 3, 287–294.
Madigan, S. W. Intraserial repetition and coding processes in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1969, 8, 828–835.
Maskarinec, A. S., & Thompson, C. P. The within-list distributed practice effect: Tests of the varied context and varied encoding hypotheses. Memory & Cognition, 1976, 4, 741–746.
Melton, A. W. Repetition and retrieval from memory. Science, 1967, 158, 532.
Melton, A. W. The situation with respect to the spacing of repetitions and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1970, 9, 596–606.
Nelson, L. Effects of subjective organization on single trial free recall of homographs under massed versus distributed practice. Dissertation Abstracts International, 1971, 33(3-B), 1310.
Rothkopf, E. Z., & Coke, E. U. Repetition interval and rehearsal method in learning equivalences from written sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1963, 2, 406–416.
Rothkopf, E. Z., & Coke, E. U. Variations in phrasing, repetition intervals, and the recall of sentence material. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1966, 5, 86–91.
Shaughnessy, J. J. Long-term retention and the spacing effect in free-recall and frequency judgments. American Journal of Psychology, 1977, 90, 587–598.
Underwood, B. J., Kapelak, S. M., & Malmi, R. A. The spacing effect: Additions to the theoretical and empirical puzzles. Memory & Cognition, 1976, 4, 391–400.
Vale, E. The techniques of screenplay writing. New York: Crossett & Dunlop, 1976.
Waugh, N. C. On the effective duration of a repeated word. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1970, 9, 587–595.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Preparation of this paper was supported in part by grants to the University of Minnesota, Center for Research in Human Learning, from the National Science Foundation (BNS-75-03016), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-01136), and the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota. Special thanks are due to Decisions and Designs, Inc., for supporting the completion of this paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kraft, R.N., Jenkins, J.J. The lag effect with aurally presented passages. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 17, 132–134 (1981). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03333689
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03333689