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Phylogeography analysis and molecular evolution patterns of the nematode parasite Heligmosomum mixtum based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

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Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA was explored to study phylogeography of the nematode parasite Heligmosomum mixtum and elucidate molecular evolution pattern of cytochrome b gene. The size of cyt b gene ranged from 511 bp to 591 bp and the average of GC contents was 28.9%. The overall transition/transversion ratio R was 5.773 indicating that the transitions are more frequent than transversion. The aligned sequences allowed identifying 54 mtDNA haplotypes among the 119 examined individuals. The genetic divergence registered among the populations of H. mixtum was low (0.3% to 1.5%). Neighbor-joining and maximum Likelihood trees evidenced a huge polytomy and unstructured phylogeographic pattern among the studied populations. The demographic analyses tend to evidence a recent and rapid expansion of H. mixtum. Our results imply a positive selection and the genetic hitchhiking effect is unlikely. Parameters performed supported scenario of sweep selection and recent expansion of H.mixtum populations. Both positive selection and demographic histories have jointly contributed to the observed patterns of nucleotide diversity and haplotypes structure. The comparison of the phylogeographical pattern of H. mixtum with the one of its most common rodent host M. glareolus, confirmed a strong incongruence between the two species. These results strongly suggest that the parasite would not be specific to M. glareolus and that it would switch easily from one rodent species to another. The mitochondrial diversity seems to be unstructured with any biogeographic repartition of the variability and that the genetic structure of H. mixtum is probably associated with weak host specificity.

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  1. Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie. Département de Biologie, faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Unversité Tunis El Manar 2092 El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

    Hela Sakka, Ghada Baraket & Salhi-Hannachi Amel

  2. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia

    Hela Sakka

  3. INRA, UMR CBGP 1062, Campus international de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France

    Hela Sakka & Johan Michaux

  4. Conservation Genetics Unit, University of Liege, Institute of Botany (Bat. 22), 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Johan Michaux

  5. The Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Research Unit, Vantaa Unit, Finland

    Heikki Henttonen

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Sakka, H., Henttonen, H., Baraket, G. et al. Phylogeography analysis and molecular evolution patterns of the nematode parasite Heligmosomum mixtum based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Acta Parasit. 60, 85–98 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2015-0011

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