Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcriptional regulatory proteins. Recent work in the field of nuclear receptor action has demonstrated an association of receptors with coregulatory proteins termed “coactivators” and “corepressors.” In the absence of hormone, or in the presence of hormonal antagonists, nuclear receptors can repress transcription through their association with corepressors. Upon binding hormonal agonists, receptors bind target sites in DNA and recruit transcriptional coactivators. In turn, coactivators, functionally, and perhaps physically, bridge DNA-bound receptors and the general transcription machinery, forming a complex capable of promoting the activation of gene expression (1-3)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jenster, G. (1998) Coactivators and corepressors as mediators of nuclear receptor function: an update. Mol. Cell. Endocrinology 143, 1–7.
Glass, C. K., Rose, D. W., and Rosenfeld, M. G. (1997) Nuclear receptor coactivators. Curr. Opin Cell Biol. 9, 222–232.
Lemon, B. D. and Freedman, L. P. (1999) Nuclear receptor cofactors as chromatin remodelers. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9, 499–504.
Spencer, T. E., Jenster, G., Burcin, M. M., Allis, C. D., Zhou, J., Mizzen, C. A., et al. (1997) Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature 389, 194–198.
Nagy, L., Kao, H. Y., Chakravarti, D., Lin, R. J., Hassig, C. A., Ayer, D. E., Schreiber, S. L., and Evans, R. M. (1997) Nuclear receptor repression mediated by a complex containing SMRT, mSin3A, and histone deacetylase. Cell 89, 373–380.
Heinzel, T., Lavinsky, R. M., Mullen, T.-M. O., Soderstrom, M., Laherty, C. D., Torchia, J., et al. (1997) A complex containing N-CoR, mSin3 and histone deacetylase mediates transcriptional repression. Nature 387, 43–48.
Alland, L., Muhle, R., Hou, H., Jr., Potes, J., Chin, L., Schreiber-Agus, N., and DePhinho, R. A. (1997) Role for N-CoR and histone deacetylase in Sin3-mediated transcriptional repression. Nature 387, 49–55.
Grunstein, M. (1997) Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription. Nature 389, 349–352.
Varshavsky, A. J., Sundin, O., and Bohn, M. (1979) A stretch of “late” SV40 viral DNA about 400 bp long which includes the origin of replication is specifically exposed in SV40 minichromosomes. Cell 16, 453–466.
Ilyin, Y. V. and Georgiev, G. P. (1969) Heterogeneity of deoxynucleoprotein particles as evidenced by ultracentrifugation of cesium chloride density gradient. J. Mol. Biol. 41, 299–303.
Brutlag, D., Schlehuber, C., and Bonner, J. (1969) Properties of formaldehydetreated nucleohistone. Biochemistry 8, 3214–3218.
Jackson, V. and Chalkley, R. (1981) Use of whole-cell fixation to visualize replicating and maturing simian virus 40: identification of new viral gene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6081–6085.
Moller, K., Rinke, J., Ross, A., Buddle, G., and Brimacombe, R. (1977) The use of formaldehyde in RNA-protein cross-linking studies with ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 76, 175–187.
Jackson, V. (1978) Studies on histone organization in the nucleosome using formaldehyde as a reversible cross-linking agent. Cell 15, 945–954.
Lambert, J. R. and Nordeen, S. K. (1998) Steroid-selective initiation of chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter is controlled by the site of promoter integration. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32,708–32,714.
Chen, H., Lin, R. J., Wen, X., Wilpitz, D., and Evans, R. M. (1999) Regulation of hormone-induced histone hyperacetylation and gene activation via acetylation of an acetylase. Cell 98, 675–686.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Lambert, J.R., Nordeen, S.K. (2001). Analysis of Steroid Hormone-Induced Histone Acetylation by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay. In: Lieberman, B.A. (eds) Steroid Receptor Methods. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 176. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-115-9:273
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-115-9:273
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-754-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-115-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols