Skip to main content
Log in

The impact of cognitive inertia on postconsumption evaluation processes

  • Research Notes
  • Published:
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study sheds some light on the role of memory in satisfaction judgments. The author's findings indicate that consumers might fail to form satisfaction evaluations in an online manner in typical repeat-consumption situations. Instead of consciously reevaluating familiar products or services, consumers may choose to engage in judgment updating/formation processes only when faced with a postpurchase satisfaction inquiry. Surprise performances or inconsistent service delivery, however, greatly reduce the consumer's reliance on prior judgments. Under these conditions, consumers are motivated to spontaneously update their summary evaluations stored in memory. The implications of the memory-based nature of satisfaction judgments to service and retail managers are briefly discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alba, J. and L. Hasher. 1983. “Is Memory Schematic?”Psychological Bulletin 84: 888–918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. and M. Sullivan. 1993. “The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms.”Marketing Science 12: 125–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. and D. Gerbing 1988. “Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach.”Psychological Bulletin 103 (3): 411–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N., and S. Hubert. 1963. “Effects of Concomitant Verbal Recall on Order Effects in Personality Impression Formation.”Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 2: 379–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettman, J. 1979.An Information Processing Theory of Consumer Choice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biehal, G. and D. Chakravarti. 1983. “Information Accessibility as a Moderator of Consumer Choice.”Journal of Consumer Research 10 (June): 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitner, M. J. 1990. “Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses.”Journal of Marketing 54 (April): 69–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, H. 1972.Social Statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, William, Richard Staelin, Ajay Kalra, and Valarie Zeithaml. 1993. “A Dynamic Process Model of Service Quality: From Expectations to Behavioral Intentions.”Journal of Marketing Research 30: 7–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, John, Richard Petty, Jeffrey Feinstein, and Blair Jarvis. 1996. “Dispositional Differences in Cognitive Motivation: The Life and Times of Individuals Varying in Need for Cognition.”Psychological Bulletin 119 (2): 197–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, N. and W. Michel. 1979. “Prototypes in Person Perception.” InAdvances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 12. Ed. L. Berkowitz. New York: Academic Press, 3–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlston, Donald and J. Skowronski. 1986. “Trait Memory and Behavior Memory: The Effects of Alternative Pathways on Impression Judgment Response Times.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50: 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, Joel and Charles Areni. 1991. “Affect in Consumer Behavior.” InHandbook of Consumer Behavior. Eds. T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 188–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, Joseph, Michael Brady, and Tomas Hult. 2000. “Assessing the Effects of Quality, Value and Customer Satisfaction on Consumer Behavioral Intentions in Service Environments.”Journal of Retailing 76 (2): 193–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabholkar, Pratibha. 1995. “The Convergence of Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality Evaluations With Increasing Customer Patronage.”Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 8: 32–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dholakia, Utpal and Vicki Morwitz. 2002. “The Scope and Persistence of Mere-Measurement Effects: Evidence From a Filed Study of Customer Satisfaction Measurement.”Journal of Consumer Research 29 (2): 159–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downing, J., J. Judd, and M. Brauer. 1992. “Effects of Repeated Expression on Attitude Extremity.”Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 63: 17–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, Russell. 1986. “How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior?” InThe Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior. Eds. R. Sorrentino and E. Higgins. New York: Guilford, 204–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1989. “On the Power and Function of Attitudes: The Role of Attitude Accessibility.” InAttitude Structure and Function. Eds. S. B. Pratkanis and A. G. A. Pratkanis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 153–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1990a. “Multiple Processes by Which Attitudes Guide Behavior: The MODE Model as an Integrative Framework.” InAdvances in Experimental Social Psychology. Ed. P. Zanna. New York: Academic Press, 75–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1990b. “A Practical Guide to the Response Latency in Social Psychological Research.” InReview of Personality and Social Psychology. Eds. C. Hendrick and M. Clark. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 74–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1994. “Attitudes in Associated Systems Theory.” InAssociated Systems Theory: A Systematic Approach to Cognitive Representations of Persons. Ed. R. Wyer. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum, 157–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, J. Blascovich, and D. Driscoll. 1992. “On the Functional Value of Attitudes: The Influence of Accessible Attitudes on the Ease and Quality of Decision Making.”Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18 (4): 388–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, David Sanbonmatsu, Martha Powell, and Frnak Kardes. 1986. “On the Automatic Activation of Attitudes.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (2): 229–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, Jack and John Lynch. 1988. “Self-Generated Validity and Other Effects of Measurement Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior.”Journal of Applied Psychology 73 (August): 421–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisk, R., S. Brown, and M. Bitner. 1993. “Tracking the Evolution of the Services Marketing Literature.”Journal of Retailing 69 (Spring): 61–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, Susan and Steven Neuberg. 1990. “A Continuum of Impression Formation From Category-Based to Individuating Processes: Influences of Information and Motivation on Attention and Interpretation.”Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 23: 1–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — and M. Pavelchak. 1986. “Category Versus Piecemeal-Based Affective Responses: Developments in Schema-Triggered Affect.” InHandbook of Motivation and Cognition. Ed. E. Higgins. New York: Guildford, 167–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fournier, Susan and David Mick. 1999. “Rediscovering Satisfaction.”Journal of Marketing 63 (4) 5–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodstein, Ronald. 1993. “Category-Based Applications and Extensions in Advertising: Motivating More Extensive Ad Processing.”Journal of Consumer Research 20 (June): 87–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartline, Michael, James Maxham III, and Daryl McKee. 2000. “Corridors of Influence in the Dissemination of Customer-Oriented Strategy to Customer Contact Service Employees.”Journal of Marketing 64 (2): 35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hastie, Reid. 1981. “Schematic Principles in Human Memory.” InSocial Cognition: The Ontario Symposium, Vol 1. Eds. T. Higgings, C. Herman, and M. Zanna. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum 39–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • — and Bernadette Park. 1986. “The Relationship Between Memory and Judgment Depends on Whether the Judgment Task Is Memory-Based or On-Line.”Psychological Review 93 (3): 258–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heesacker, M. 1985. “Need for Cognition Scale” InTest Critiques. Eds. D. Keyster and R. Sweetlend. Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America, 466–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Li-tze and Peter Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives.”Structural Equation Modeling 6 (1): 1–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, Keith. 1993. “CS/CB Research Suggestions and Observations for the 1990s.”Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 6: 39–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacobucci, Dawn, Amy Ostrom, Brigette Braig, and Alexa Bezjian-Avery. 1996. “A Canonical Model of Consumer Evaluations and Theoretical Bases of Expectations.”Advances in Services Marketing and Management 5: 1–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacoby, Jacob, Maureen Morrin, James Jaccard Zeynep Gurhan, Alfred Kuss, and Durairaj Maheswaran. 2002. “Mapping Attitude Formation as a Function of Information Input: Online Processing Models of Attitude Formation.”Journal of Consumer Psychology 12 (1): 21–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judd, Charles and Markus Bauer. 1995. “Repetition and Evaluative Extremity.” InAttitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences. Eds. R. Petty and J. Krosnick. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 43–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kardes, Frank. 1986. “Effects of Initial Product Judgments on Subsequent Memory-Based Judgments.”Journal of Consumer Research 13 (June): 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keenan, J. and S. Baillet. 1980. “Memory for Personally and Socially Significant Events.” InAttention and Performance. Ed. R. S. Nickerson. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, Meryl and Thomas Srull. 1985. “Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Examining the Relationship Between Consumer Memory and Judgment.” InPsychological Processes and Advertising Effects: Theory, Research and Application. Eds. L. Alwitt and A. Mitchell. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 113–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • — and —. 1987. “Processing Objectives as a Determinant of the Relationship Between Recall and Judgment.”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 23: 93–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingle, J. and Thomas Ostrom. 1979. “Retrieval Selectivity in Memory-Based Impression Judgments.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37: 189–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackie, Diane and Arlene Asunction. 1990. “On-Line and Memory-Based Modification of Attitude: Determinants of Message Recall-Attitude Change Correspondence.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 (1): 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel Powell, Susan and Frank Kardes. 1999. “The Role of Direction of Comparison, Attribute-Based Processing, and Attitude-Based Processing in Consumer Preference.”Journal of Consumer Research 25 (4): 335–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila, Anna. 1998. “An Examination of Consumers' Use of Heuristic Cues in Making Satisfaction Judgments.”Psychology and Marketing 15 (5): 477–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, Allen, J. Leibold, and Steven Sherman. 1997. “Within-Target Illusory Correlations and the Formation of Context-Dependent Attitudes.”Jouranl of Personality and Social Psychology 73: 675–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ofir, Chezy and Itamar Simonson. 2001. “In Search of Negative Customer Feedback: The Effect of Expecting to Evaluate on Satisfaction Evaluations.”Journal of Marketing Research 37 (May): 170–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, Richard. 1980. “A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions.”Journal of Marketing Research 17 (November): 460–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1981. “Measurement, and Evaluation of Satisfaction Processes in Retail Settings.”Journal of Retailing 57 (3): 25–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1997.Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, S. 2002. “Comparative Evaluation and the Relationship Between Quality, Satisfaction and Repurchase.”Academy of Marketing Science 30 (3): 240–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olshavsky, Richard and D. Granbois. 1979. “Consumer Decision Making—Fact or Fiction?”Journal of Consumer Research 6 (September): 93–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, Jong-Won and Manoj Hastak. 1994. “Memory-Based Product Judgments: Effects of Involvement at Encoding and Retrieval.”Journal of Consumer Research 21 (December): 534–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petty, Richard, John Cacioppo and David Schuman. 1983. “Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement.”Journal of Consumer Research 10 (2): 135–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rust, R. and R. Oliver. 2001. “Should We Delight the Customer?”Journal of Academy of Marketing Science 28 (1): 86–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagarin, Brad, Sherman Serna, Robert Cialdini, and William Rice. 2002. “Dispelling the Illusion of Invulnerability: The Motivations and Mechanisms of Resistance to Persuasion.”Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 83 (3): 526–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schul, Y. and E. Burnstein. 1985. “The Informational Basis of Social Judgments: Using Past Impression Rather Than Trait Description in Forming a New Impression.”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 21: 421–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — and M. Schef. 1993. “Measuring Satisfaction With Organizations.”Public Opinion Quarterly 57 (4): 536–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, S., K. Zehner, J. Johnson, and E. Hirt. 1983. “Social Explanation: The Role of Timing, Set, and Recall on Subjective Likelihood Estimates.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44: 1127–1143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skowronski, J. and Donald Carlston. 1989. “Negativity and Extremity Biases in Social Inference: A Review of Explanations.”Psychological Bulletin 105:131–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Amy and Ruth Bolton. 1998. “An Experimental Investigation of Customer Reactions to Service Failure.”Journal of Service Research 1 (1): 65–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srull, T., 1990. “Individual Responses to Advertising: Mood and Its Effects From an Information Processing Perspective.” InEmotion and Advertising: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Eds. S. Agres, J. Edell, and T. Dubitsky. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 35–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • — and Robert Wyer. 1989. “Person Memory and Judgment.”Psychological Review 96: 58–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sujan, Mita and James Bettman. 1989. “The Effects of Brand Positioning Strategies on Consumers' Brand and Category Perceptions: Some Insights From Schema Research.”Journal of Marketing Research 26 (November): 454–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szymanski, David and David Hernard. 2001. “Customer Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Evidence.”Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 29 (1): 16–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, Bernard. 1986.An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyer, Robert and Thomas Srull. 1986. “Human Cognition in Social Context.”Psychological Review 93 (2): 322–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Anna S. Mattila (asm6@psu.edu) is an assistant professor in the College of Human Health and Development at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park. She holds a Ph.D. from Cornell University, an MBA from the University of Hartford, and a B.S. from Cornell University. Her research interests focus on consumer responses to service encounters and cross-cultural issues in services marketing. Her work has appeared in theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Service Research, theJournal of Consumer Psychology, Psychology & Marketing, theJournal of Services Marketing, theInternational Journal of Service Industry Management, and in theJournal of Hospitality & Tourism Research.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mattila, A.S. The impact of cognitive inertia on postconsumption evaluation processes. JAMS 31, 287–299 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070303031003006

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070303031003006

Keywords

Navigation