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Main cellular redox couples

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Abstract

Most living cells maintain a continuous flow of electrons, which provides them with energy. Many compounds are present in a cell simultaneously in the oxidized and reduced states in the form of active redox couples. Some of the redox couples, such as NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) are universal, as they are involved in the regulation of many cellular reactions. The ratio of the oxidized and reduced forms of these compounds is the important cellular redox parameter. Modern research approaches allow for revealing new functions of the main redox couples in complicated cellular processes. The review presents the information about the main cellular redox couples and their participation in various biological processes.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

adenosine diphosphate

AIF:

apoptosisinducing factor

AP-1:

activator protein 1

ARTs:

(ADP-Rib)transferases

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

cADP-ribose:

cyclic ADP-ribose

Ero1:

oxidoreductase 1 of endoplasmic reticulum

FAD/FADH2 :

flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized/reduced

FMN/FMNH2 :

flavin mononucleotide oxidized/reduced

GPx:

glutathione peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

Grx:

glutaredoxin

GSSG/2GSH:

glutathione oxidized (Glutathione disulfide)/reduced

IP3R:

inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor

MPT:

mitochondrial permeability transition

NAADP:

nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NAD+/NADH:

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized/reduced

NADK:

NAD+ kinase

NADP+/NADPH:

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized/reduced

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NMNAT:

nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

P53:

protein 53

PARG:

poly(ADP-Rib) glycohydrolase

PARP:

poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase

PDI:

protein disulfide isomerase

rxYFP:

redox-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein

RyR:

ryanodine receptor

Sir:

sirtuine

TGR:

thioredoxin glutathione reductase

TrxR:

thioredoxin reductase

TrxSS/Trx(SH)2 :

thioredoxin oxidized/reduced

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shemyakin—Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia

    D. S. Bilan, A. G. Shokhina, S. A. Lukyanov & V. V. Belousov

  2. Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, pl. Minina i Pozharskogo 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia

    D. S. Bilan, S. A. Lukyanov & V. V. Belousov

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Original Russian Text © D.S. Bilan, A.G. Shokhina, S.A. Lukyanov, V.V. Belousov, 2015, published in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 2015, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 385–402.

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Bilan, D.S., Shokhina, A.G., Lukyanov, S.A. et al. Main cellular redox couples. Russ J Bioorg Chem 41, 341–356 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162015040044

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