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Biosynthesis of fatty oils in higher plants

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Abstract

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are one of the most important storage compounds of higher plants; they are the basis for essentially all plant oils and are used by the cell as a reserve source of energy and carbon. Therefore, as a rule, plants store oils almost exclusively in their seeds. Plant oils are not only a major food and feed products, but also the raw material for obtaining many nonfood products from drying oils and lubricants to biofuel. TAGs differ from other storage compounds in that in the course of fruit ripening their quantitative and qualitative composition does not remain constant, but undergoes significant changes. Therefore, the biosynthesis pathways of TAGs in living organisms have been actively studied for the past several decades, and today enough data can be presented to outline as how and where these processes occur in the plant cell. The present review is devoted to a brief description of current ideas about the ways and mechanisms of TAG formation and accumulation in higher plants.

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Abbreviations

ACP:

acyl-carrier protein

acDAG-3:

acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

DAG-1,2:

diacyl-sn-glycerol

DGAT:

1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol acyltransferase

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum; FA-fatty acid

G3P:

sn-glycero-3-phosphate

GPAT:

sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

GPDH:

sn-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

KAS:

ketoacyl synthase

LPA:

lysophosphatidic acid

LPAAT:

lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase

NAG:

neutral acylglycerol

PA:

phosphatidic acid

PC:

phosphatidylcholine

PE:

phosphatidylethanolamine

PDAT:

phosholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase

POM:

plants with oily mesocarp

PPA:

phosphatase of phosphatidic acid

PUFA:

polyunsaturated FA

TAG:

1,2,3-tria-cyl-sn-glycerol

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  1. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    R. A. Sidorov & V. D. Tsydendambaev

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Original Russian Text © R.A. Sidorov, V.D. Tsydendambaev, 2014, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2014, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 3–22.

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Sidorov, R.A., Tsydendambaev, V.D. Biosynthesis of fatty oils in higher plants. Russ J Plant Physiol 61, 1–18 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443714010130

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