Skip to main content
Log in

Vascular tone and regular physical exercise

  • Published:
Human Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On the basis of the results of rheovasography of the thigh region, the vascular tone was assessed using pulse transit time in subjects regularly playing sports and nonathletes with initial stages of hypertension. An increased rigidity of the vascular wall was observed in subjects with an increased blood pressure. In our opinion, vascular endothelial dysfunction is the main cause of vascular rigidity, and regular dynamic training can improve the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ivanov, K.P., Successes and Debatable Problems in the Study of the Microcirculation, Fiziol. Zh. im. I.M. Sechenova, 1995, vol. 81, no. 6, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ozolin’, P.P., Adaptatsiya sosudistoi sistemy k sportivnym nagruzkam (Adaptation of the Vascular System to Sports Loads), Riga: Zinatne, 1984, 2nd edition, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Savitskii, N.N., Biofizicheskie osnovy krovoobrashcheniya i klinicheskie metody izycheniya gemodinamiki (Biophysical Mechanisms of Blood Circulation and Clinical Methods for Studying Hemodynamics), Leningrad: Meditsina, 1974, p. 74.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ilyukhin, O.V. and Lopatin, Yu.M., Pulse Wave Velocity and the Elastic Properties of the Major Arteries: Factors Affecting Their Mechanical Properties and Diagnostic Assessment, Vestn. Volg. Gos. Med. Univ., 2006, no. 1, p. 3.

  5. Karpman, V.L. and Lyubina, B.G., Dinamika krovoobrashcheniya u sportsmenov (Changes in Blood Circulation in Athletes), Moscow: Fizkul’tura i Sport, 1982, p. 42.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Stefansson, S., Haudenschild, C.C., and Lawrence, D.A., Beyond Fibrinolysis: The Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor and Vitronectin in Vascular Wound Healing, Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 1998, vol. 8, p. 175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lupinskaya, E.A., Vascular Endothelium Is the Main Regulator of the Local Blood Flow, Vestn. Kyrgyz. Ros. Slavyansk. Univ., 2003, no. 7, p. 29.

  8. Sergienko, V.B., Sayutina, E.V., Samoilenko, L.E., et al., The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in the Development of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Accompanied by Small or No Changes in Coronary Arteries, Kardiologiya, 1999, vol. 39, no. 1, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cannon, R.O., Does Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Cause Myocardial Ischemia in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease, Circulation, 1997, vol. 95, p. 3251.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ignarro, L.J., Cirino, G., Casini, A., and Napoli, C., Nitric Oxide as a Signaling Molecule in the Vascular System: An Overview, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1999, vol. 34, no. 6, p. 879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nikolaev, K.Yu., Gicheva, I.M., Lifshits, G.I., and Nikolaeva A.A., Microcirculatory Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Reactivity and the Main Risk Factors, Byull. Sib. Otd. Ros. Akad. Med. Nauk, 2006, no. 4, p. 63.

  12. Nikolaev, K.Yu., Endothelial Dysfunctions and Vascular Reactivity in Cardiovascular Pathology, Omsk. Nauchn. Vestn., Supplement, 2003, no. 3, p. 123.

  13. Petrishchev, N.N., Pathogenetic Role of Endothelial Dysfunction, Omsk. Nauchn. Vestn., 2005, no. 1, p. 20.

  14. Taddei, S., Vardis, A., Mattei, P., and Salvetti, A., Vasodialtion to Acetylcholine in Primary and Secondary Forms of Human Hypertension, Hypertension, 1993, vol. 21, p. 929.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cai, H. and Harrison, D.G., Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress, Circulat. Res., 2000, vol. 87, p. 840.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Denisov, E.N., Regulation of Endothelium-Dependent Components of Vascular Tone in the Normal State and Some Forms of Cardiovascular Pathology, Extended Abstract of Doct. Sci. (Med.) Dissertation, 2008.

  17. Gomazkov, O.A., Endothelin in Cardiology: Molecular, Physiological, and Pathological Aspects, Kardiologiya, 2001, no. 2, p. 50.

  18. Kelly, D.G., Baffigand, S.L., and Smith, T.W., Nitric Oxide and Cardiac Function, Circulat. Res., 1996, vol. 79, p. 363.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ershova, I.A. and Knyazeva, L.A., Serum Levels of Endothelin-1 and Circulating Desquamated Endotheliocytes in Patients with Arterial Hypertension of Renal Genesis, Materialy VIII Vserossiiskogo nauchno-obrazovatel’nogo foruma po kardiologii (Proc. VIII All-Russia Research Educat. Forum on Cardiology), Moscow, 2006, p. 58.

  20. Ivakin, V.E., Knyazeva, L.I., and Goryainov, I.I., Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Correction by Amlodipin in CHD Patients, Materialy VIII Vserossiiskogo nauchno-obrazovatel’nogo foruma po kardiologii (Proc. VIII All-Russia Research Educat. Forum on Cardiology), Moscow, 2006, p. 63.

  21. Shevchenko, A.V., Sorokin, A.V., and Lyamina, N.P., Prolonged Controlled Physical Training of Moderate Intensity—A Method for Correcting the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Young People, Materialy VIII Vserossiiskogo nauchno-obrazovatel’nogo foruma po kardiologii (Proc. VIII All-Russia Research Educat. Forum on Cardiology), Moscow, 2006, p. 154.

  22. Otsuki, T., Maeda, S., Iemitsu, M., et al., Vascular Endothelium-Derived Factors and Arterial Stiffness in Strength- and Endurance-Trained Men, Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol., 2007, vol. 292, p. 786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Maeda, S., Miyauchi, T., Kakiyama, T., et al., Effects of Exercise Training of 8 Weeks and Detraining on Plasma Levels of Endothelium-Derived Factors, Endothelin-1, and Nitric Oxide in Healthy Young Humans, Life Sci., 2001, vol. 69, p. 1005.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Maeda, S., Tanabe, T., Otsuki, T., et al., Moderate Regular Exercise Increases Basal Productions of Nitric Oxide in Elderly Women, Hypertens. Res., 2004, vol. 27, p. 947.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Higachi, Y., Sasaki, S., Kurisu, S., et al., Regular Aerobic Exercise Augments Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Relaxation in Normotensive as well as Hypertensive Subjects: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide, Circulation, 1999, vol. 100, p. 1194.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kingwell, B.A., Sherrard, B., Jennings, G.L., and Dart, A.M., Four Weeks of Cycle Training Increases Basal Production of Nitric Oxide from the Forearm, Am. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 1997, vol. 272, p. H1070.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cooke, J.P., Role of Nitric Oxide in Progression and Regression of Atherosclerosis, West J. Med., 1996, vol. 164, p. 419.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Osmar, B.S., Tschudi, M.R., Godoy, N., et al., Reduced Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Production in Human Atherosclerosis, Circulation, 1998, vol. 97, p. 2494.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dyke, C.K., Proctor, D.N., Dietz, N.M., and Joyner, M.J., Role of Nitric Oxide in Exercise Hyperemia during Prolonged Rhythmic Handgripping in Humans, J. Physiol. (London), 1995, vol. 488,part 1, p. 259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gilligan, D.M., Panza, J.A., Kilcoyne, C.M., et al., Contribution of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide to Exercise-Induced Vasodilation, Circulation, 1994, vol. 90, p. 2853.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Murav’ev, A.V., Zaitsev, L.G., Yakusevich, V.V., and Murav’ev, A.A., Hemorheological Profiles in Subjects with Normal and Elevated Arterial Pressure, Fiziol. Chel., 1998, vol. 24, no. 2, p. 63 [Hum. Physiol. (Engl. Transl.), 1998, vol. 24, no. 2, p. 186].

    Google Scholar 

  32. Khayutin, V.M., Lukoshkova, E.V., Rogoza, A.I., and Nikol’skii, V.P., Negative Feedbacks in the Pathogenesis of Primary Arterial Hypertension: The Mechanical Sensitivity of the Endothelium, Fiziol. Chel., 1993, no. 8, p. 1.

  33. Vikulov, A.D., Mel’nikov, A.A., and Osetrov, I.A., Erythrocyte Deformability in Athletes, Fiziol. Chel., 1999, vol. 25, no. 4, p. 136 [Hum. Physiol. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, vol. 25, no. 4, p. 494].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Vikulov, A.D., Mel’nikov, A.A., and Osetrov, I.A., Rheological Properties of Blood in Athletes, Fiziol. Chel., 2001, vol. 27, no. 5, p. 124 [Hum. Physiol. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 27, no. 5, p. 618].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mel’nikov, A.A., Vikulov, A.D., and Bagrakova, S.V., Erythrocyte Aggregation in Athletes, Fiziol. Chel., 2003, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 76 [Hum. Physiol. (Engl. Transl.), 2003, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 357].

    Google Scholar 

  36. Osetrov, I.A., Rheological Properties of Blood and Parameters of Vascular Platelet Hemostasis in Physically Active Subjects, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Yaroslavl, 1999.

  37. Bagrakova, S.V., Plasma-Coagulation Hemostasis and Natural Anticoagulant Systems in Physically Active Subjects during Adaptation to Muscle Exercise, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Yaroslavl, 2003.

  38. Osetrov, I.A., Baranov, A.A., Vikulov, A.D., et al., Relationships between Hemorheology, Erythrocyte Metabolism, and von Willebrand factor in Athletes and Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease, Fiziol. Chel., 2006, vol. 32, no. 6, p. 80 [Hum. Physiol. (Engl. Transl.), 2006, vol. 32, no. 6, p. 701].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mel’nikov, A.A., Vikulov, A.D., Bagrakova, S.V., and Baranov, A.A., Relationship between Plasma Fluidity and Functions of Vascular Endothelium in Athletes, Angiol. Sosud. Khirurg., 2004, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Fischer, C.E.I., Armantano, R.L., Pessana, F.M., et al., Endothelium-Dependent Arterial Wall Tone Elasticity Modulated by Blood Viscosity, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2002, vol. 282, p. H389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Jan, L.M. and Chien, S., Effect of Hematocrit Variations on Coronary Hemodynamics and Oxygen Utilization, Am. J. Physiol., 1977, vol. 233, p. H106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Levenson, J., Merli, I., Faud, P., and Simon, A., Blood Viscosity Is a Chronic Adjustment Factor of Arterial Vasodilation in Humans, Arch. Mal. Coeur. Vaiss., 1999, vol. 82, p. 117.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Wysochi, M., Andersson, O.K., Persson, B., and Bagge, U., Vasoconstriction during Acute Hypervolemic Hemodilution in Hypertensive Patients Is not Prevented by Calcium Blockade, Angiology, 1998, vol. 49, p. 41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Edmunds, N.J., Moncada, S., and Marshall, J.M., Does Nitric Oxide Allow Endothelial Cells to Sense Hypoxia and Mediate Hypoxic Vasodilation? In Vivo and Vitro Studies, J. Physiol., 2003, vol. 546, p. 521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Chen, R.Y., Carlin, R.D., Simchon, S., et al., Effects of Dextran Induced Hyperviscosity on Regional Blood and Hemodynamics in Dogs, Am. J. Physiol., 1989, vol. 256, p. H898.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. De Wit, C., Schaefer, C., von Bismarck, P., et al., Elevation of Plasma Viscosity Induces Sustained NO-Mediated Dilation in the Hamster Cremaster Microcirculation, Pfluger Arch., 1997, vol. 434, p. 354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Rebel, A., Lenz, C., Krieter, H., et al., Oxygen Delivery at High Blood Viscosity and Decreased Arterial Oxygen Content to Brains of Conscious Rats, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2001, vol. 280, p. H2591.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tsai, A.G., Friesenecher, B., McCathy, M., et al., Plasma Viscosity Regulates Capillary Perfusion during Extreme Hemodilution in Hamster Skinfold Model, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 1998, vol. 272, p. H2170.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Laughlin, M.H., Pollock J.S., Amann, J.F., et al., Training Induces Nonuniform Increases in eNOS Content along the Coronary Arterial Tree, J. Appl. Physiol., 2001, vol. 90, p. 501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kuo, L., Davis, M.J., and Chillian, W.M., Longitudinal Gradients for Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vascular Responses in the Coronary Microcirculation, Circulation, 1995, vol. 92, p. 518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.D. Vikulov, E.Yu. Drattsev, A.A. Mel’nikov, V.V. Alekhin, 2009, published in Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 2009, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 127–133.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vikulov, A.D., Drattsev, E.Y., Mel’nikov, A.A. et al. Vascular tone and regular physical exercise. Hum Physiol 35, 636–641 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S036211970905017X

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S036211970905017X

Keywords

Navigation