Abstract
A numerical model of auroral hiss propagation from the region of its generation to the ground surface is developed for the interpretation of results from ground-based high-latitudinal VLF observations. The model includes modules describing the statistical properties of electrostatic whistler waves generated due to Cerenkov resonance at the heights of 6000–20 000 km, the propagation of these waves in the magnetosphere to the region of upper ionosphere (under 5000 km), which is filled with small-scale irregularities of electron concentration, the scattering of electrostatic waves from these irregularities into the transition cone, and further propagation of the waves through the lower ionosphere down to the ground surface. The modeling results agree with the observations.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Banks, P., Collision frequencies and energy transfer electrons, Planet. Space Sci., 1966, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1085–1103.
Beghin, C., Rauch, J.L., and Bosqued, J.M., Electrostatic plasma waves and HF auroral hiss generated at low altitude, J. Geophys. Res., 1989, vol. 94, pp. 1359–1378.
Bell, T.F. and Ngo, H.D., Electrostatic lower hybrid waves excited by electromagnetic whistler mode waves scattering from planar magnetic-field-aligned plasma density irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 1990, vol. 95, pp. 149–172.
Born, M. and Wolf, E., Principles of Optics, Oxford: Pergamon, 1980.
Budden, K.G., The Propagation of Radio Waves: The Theory of Radio Waves of Low Power in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Davies, A., Lester, M., and Robinson, T.R., Deriving the normalized ion-neutral collision frequency from EISCAT observations, Ann. Geophys., 1997, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1557–1569.
Fedorenko, Y., Tereshchenko, E., Pilgaev, S., Grigoryev, V., and Blagoveshchenskaya, N., Polarization of ELF waves generated during “beating-wave” heating experiment near cutoff frequency of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide, Radio Sci., 2014, vol. 49, pp. 1254–1264. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RS005336
Gallagher, D.L. and Craven, P.D., Global core plasma model, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, pp. 18819–18833.
Horne, R.B., Ray tracing of electrostatic waves in a hot plasma and its application to the generation of terrestrial myriametric radiation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1988, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 553–556.
Kimura, I., Effects of ions on whistler-mode ray tracing, Radio Sci., 1966, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 269–284.
Kleimenova, N.G., Manninen, J., Gromova, L.I., Gromov, S.V., and Turunen, T., Bursts of auroral-hiss VLF emissions on the Earth’s surface at L ~ 5.5 and geomagnetic disturbances, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2019, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 272–280.
Kuzichev, I.V., On whistler mode wave scattering from density irregularities in the upper ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 2012, vol. 117, A06325.
LaBelle, J. and Treumann, R., Auroral radio emissions, 1. Hisses, roars, and bursts, Space Sci. Rev., 2002, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 295–440.
Lehtinen, N.G. and Inan, U.S., Radiation of ELF/VLF waves by harmonically varying currents into a stratified ionosphere with application to radiation by a modulated electrojet, J. Geophys. Res., 2008, vol. 113, A06301.
Lehtinen, N.G. and Inan, U.S., Full-wave modeling of transionospheric propagation of VLF waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, vol. 36, L03104.
Maggs, J.E., Coherent generation of VLF hiss, J. Geophys. Res., 1976, vol. 81, pp. 1707–1724.
Makita, K., VLF-LF hiss emissions associated with aurora, Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res. Tokyo: Ser. A, 1979, no. 16, pp. 1–126.
Manninen, J., Turunen, T., Kleimenova, N., Rycroft, M., Gromova, L., and Sirviö, I., Unusually high frequency natural VLF radio emissions observed during daytime in Northern Finland, Environ. Res. Lett., 2016, vol. 11, no. 12, 124006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124006
Mosier, S.R. and Gurnett, D.A., Observed correlation between auroral and VLF emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 1972, vol. 77, no. 7, pp. 1137–1145.
Munteanu, C., Negrea, C., Echim, M., and Mursula, K., Effect of data gaps: Comparison of different spectral analysis methods, Ann. Geophys., 2016, vol. 34, pp. 437–449. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-437-2016
Murzaeva, N.N., Regular noise background of VLF emission, Nizkochastotnye volny i signaly vo vneshnei ionosfere (Low-frequency waves and signals in the outer ionosphere), Kol’skii filial AN SSSR, 1974, pp. 20–23.
Nikitenko, A.S., Lebed’, O.M., and Fedorenko, Yu.V., The first results of localization of natural ELF/VLF emissions at high latitudes according to ground-based observation data, Trudy 41-go Seminara “Fizika avroral’nykh yavlenii” (Proceedings of the 41th Seminar “Physics of Auroral Phenomena”), Apatity, 2018, pp. 61–65.
Ozaki, M., Yagitani, S., Nagano, I., Hata, Y., Yamagishi, H., Sato, N., and Kadokura, A., Localization of VLF ionospheric exit point by comparison of multipoint ground-based observation with full-wave analysis, Polar Sci., 2008, vol. 2, pp. 237–249.
Pulliam, D.M., Anderson, H.R., Stamnes, K., and Rees, M.H., Auroral electron acceleration and atmospheric interaction (1) rocket-born observation and (2) scattering calculation, J. Geophys. Res., 1981, vol. 86, pp. 2397–2404.
Sazhin, S.S., Bullough, K., and Hayakawa, M., Auroral hiss: A review, Planet. Space Sci., 1993, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 153–166.
Shklyar, D., Chum, J., and Jirícek, F., Characteristic properties of Nu whistlers as inferred from observations and numerical modelling, Ann. Geophys., 2004, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 3589–3606.
Smith, A.J. and Jenkins, P.J., A survey of natural electromagnetic noise in the frequency range F = 1–10 kHz at Halley station, Antarctica: 1. Radio atmospherics from lightning, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 1998, vol. 60, pp. 263–277.
Sonwalkar, V.S., Magnetospheric LF-, VLF-, and ELF-waves, Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Boca Raton, Fla: CRC, 1995, pp. 407–462.
Sonwalkar, V.S. and Harikumar, J., An explanation of ground observations of auroral hiss: Role of density depletions and meter-scale irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, pp. 18867–18883.
Spasojevic, M., Statistics of auroral hiss and relationship to auroral boundaries and upward current regions, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 2016, vol. 121, pp. 7547–7560. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022851
Srivastava, R.N., VLF hiss, visual aurora and geomagnetic activity, Planet. Space Sci., 1976, vol. 24, pp. 375–379.
Stix, T.N., Waves in Plasmas, New York: Springer, 1992.
Tsyganenko, N.A., Modeling the Earth’s magnetospheric magnetic field confined within a realistic magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 1995, vol. 100, pp. 5599–5612.
Vershinin, E.F., On the regular noise background of continuous ULF emission in the upper atmosphere, Zemnoi magnetizm, polyarnye siyaniya i ul’tranizkochastotnoe izluchenie (Terrestrial Magnetism, Polar Auroras, and ULF Emission), vol. 1, Irkutsk: SibIZMIR, 1966, pp. 44–49.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by N. Semenova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lebed’, O.M., Fedorenko, Y.V., Manninen, J. et al. Modeling of the Auroral Hiss Propagation from the Source Region to the Ground. Geomagn. Aeron. 59, 577–586 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793219050074
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793219050074