Abstract
The nonlinear perturbation of a dipole field by a system of transverse currents, which arises due to the radial pressure distribution when the pressure is almost independent of the radial distance, is analyzed. This distribution of pressure was observed in the experiment. The radial dependences of the magnetic field depression, transverse current density, and volumes of magnetic flux tubes have been obtained at different values of the plasma parameter via nonlinear simulation. It is shown that a dependence of the volume of magnetic flux tube on the radial distance can change and a region of the negative gradient of volume can appear at some plasma-parameter values.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akasofu, S.I., On a self-consistent calculation of the ring current field, J. Geophys. Res., 1962, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 3617–3618. doi 10.1029/JZ067i009p03617
Antonova, E.E., Nonadiabatic diffusion and equalization of concentration and temperature in the plasma layer of the magnetosphere of the Earth, Geomagn. Aeron., 1985, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 623–627.
Antonova, E.E., Radial plasma pressure gradients in the Earth’s magnetosphere and the Dst variation, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 142–149.
Antonova, E.E., Magnetostatic equilibrium and turbulent transport in Earth’s magnetosphere: A review of experimental observation data and theoretical approach, Int. J. Geomagn. Aeron., 2002, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 117–130.
Antonova, E.E., Investigations of hot plasma pressure gradients and the configuration of magnetospheric currents from Interball, Adv. Space Res., 2003, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1137–1166. doi 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00077-2
Antonova, E.E., Magnetostatic equilibrium and current systems in the Earth’s magnetosphere, Adv. Space Res., 2004, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 752–760. doi 10.1016/S0273- 1177(03)00636-7
Antonova, E.E. and Tverskoy, B.A., On the nature of electric fields in the inner Earth’s magnetosphere (review), Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 1996, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 145–157.
Antonova, E.E. and Ganushkina, N.Y., Inner magnetospheric currents and their role in the magnetosphere dynamics, Phys. Chem. Earth, 2000, vol. 25, pp. 23–26. doi 10.1016/S14641917(99)00028-8
Antonova, E.E. and Stepanova, M.V., The problem of the acceleration of electrons of the outer radiation belt and magnetospheric substorms, Earth, Planets Space, 2015, vol. 67, no. 148. doi 10.1186/s40623-015-0319-72015
Antonova, E.E., Budnik, E.Yu., Lutsenko, V.N., and Pissarenko, N.E., Interball/Tail observations of high latitude pressure distribution, Adv. Space Res., 2002, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 2289–2293.
Antonova, E.E., Kirpichev, I.P., Stepanova, M.V., Orlova, K.G., and Ovchinnikov, I.L., Topology of the high latitude magnetosphere during large magnetic storms and the main mechanisms of relativistic electron acceleration, Adv. Space Res., 2009a, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 628–633. doi 10.1016/j.asr.2008.09.011
Antonova, E.E., Kirpichev, I.P., Ovchinnikov, I.L., Orlova, K.G., and Stepanova, M.V., High latitude magnetospheric topology and magnetospheric substorm, Ann. Geophys., 2009b, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 4069–4073. doi 10.5194/angeo-27-4069-2009
Antonova, E.E., Kirpichev, I.P., Ryazantseva, M.O., Maryin, B.V., et al., Magnetospheric substorms and discrete arcs of the polar aurora, Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull., 2012, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 500–507.
Antonova, E.E., Kirpichev, I.P., Vovchenko, V.V., Stepanova, M.V., et al., Characteristics of plasma ring, surrounding the Earth at geocentric distances ~7–10RE, and magnetospheric current systems, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2013, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 85–91. doi 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.08.013
Antonova, E.E., Kirpichev, I.P., and Stepanova, M.V., Plasma pressure distribution in the surrounding the Earth plasma ring and its role in the magnetospheric dynamics, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2014, vol. 115, no. 8, pp. 32–40. doi 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.12.005
Baker, J. and Hurley, J., A self-consistent study of the Earth’s radiation belts, J. Geophys. Res., 1967, vol. 72, no. 17, pp. 4351–4355. doi 10.1029/JZ072i017p04351
Borovsky, J.E., Elphic, R.C., Funsten, H.O., and Thomsen, M.F., The Earth’s plasma sheet as a laboratory for flow turbulence in high-ß MHD, J. Plasma Phys., 1997, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1–34. doi 10.1017/S0022377896005259
Boström, R., Mechanism for driving Birkeland currents, in Physics of the Hot Plasma in the Magnetosphere, Hultgvist, B. and Stenflo, L., Eds., Springer, 1975, pp. 341–365.
Carovillano, R.L. and Maguire, J.J., Magnetic energy relationships in the magnetosphere, in Physics of the Magnetosphere, Carovillano, R.L. and McClay, J.F., Eds., Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1968, pp. 290–300. doi 10.1029/RG011i002p00289
Carovillano, R.L. and Siscoe, G.L., Energy and momentum theorems in magnetospheric processes, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1973, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 289–353.
De Michelis, P., Daglis, I.A., and Consolini, G., An average image of proton plasma pressure and of current systems in the equatorial plane derived from AMPTE/CCE-CHEM measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 1999, vol. 104, no. A12, pp. 28615–28624. doi 10.1029/ 1999JA900310
Dessler, A.J. and Parker, E.N., Hydromagnetic theory of geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 1959, vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 2239–2252. doi 10.1029/JZ064i012p02239
Dremukhina, L.A., Levitin, A.E., and Feldshtein, Ya.I., Energetic ions in the ring current and near-Earth plasma sheet during the substorm and magnetic storm, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2002, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 169–175.
Feldstein, Ya.I., Modelling of the magnetic field of magnetospheric ring current as a function of interplanetary medium parameters, Space Sci. Rev., 1992, vol. 59, nos. 1–2, pp. 83–166. doi 10.1007/BF01262538
Frank, L.A., Relationship of the plasma sheet, ring current, trapping boundary and plasmapause near the magnetic equator and local midnight, J. Geophys. Res., 1971, vol. 76, no. 10, pp. 2265–2275. doi 10.1029/JA076i010p02265
Galperin, Y.I. and Bosqued, J.M., Stationary magnetospheric convection on November 24, 1981. 1. A case study of “pressure” gradient/minimum B" auroral arc generation, Ann. Geophys., 1999, vol. 17, pp. 358–374. doi 10.1007/s00585-999-0358-0
Galperin, Y.I., Volosevich, A.V., and Zelenyi, L.M., Pressure gradient structures in the tail neutral sheet as “Roots of the Arcs” with some effects of stochasticity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1992, vol. 19, pp. 2163–2166. doi 10.1029/92GL02178
Ganushkina, N.Y., Liemohn, M.W., Dubyagin, S., Daglis, I.A., et al., Defining and resolving current systems in geospace, Ann. Geophys., 2015, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1369–1402. doi 10.5194/angeo-331369-2015
Gkioulidou, M., Ukhorskiy, A.Y., Mitchell, D.G., Sotirelis, T., et al., The role of small-scale ion injections in the buildup of Earth’s ring current pressure: Van Allen Probes observations of the 17 March 2013 storm, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 2014, vol. 119, no. 9, pp. 7327–7342. doi 10.1002/2014JA020096
Grad, H., Some new variational properties of hydromagnetic equilibria, Phys. Fluids, 1964, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1283–1292. doi 10.1063/1.1711373
Greenspan, M.E. and Hamilton, D.C., A test of the Dessler–Parker–Sckopke relation during magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, no. A3, pp. 5419–5430. doi 10.1029/1999JA000284
Hamilton, D.C., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F.M., Stüdemann, W., et al., Ring current development during the great geomagnetic storm of February 1986, J. Geophys. Res., 1988, vol. 93, no. A12, pp. 14343–14355. doi 10.1029/JA093iA12p14343
Hoffman, R.A. and Bracken, P.A., Higher order ring currents and particle energy storage in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 1967, vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 6039–6049. doi 10.1029/JZ072i023p06039
Iijima, T. and Potemra, T.A., The amplitude distribution of field-aligned currents at northern high latitudes observed by Triad, J. Geophys. Res., 1976, vol. 81, no. 13, pp. 2165–2174. doi 10.1029/JA081i013p02165
Jordanova, V.K., Farrugia, C.J., Quinn, J.M., Thorne, R.M., et al., Effects of wave–particle interactions on ring current evolution for January 10–11, 1997: Initial results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1998, vol. 25, no. 15, pp. 2971–2974. doi 10.1029/98GL00649
Kadomtsev, B.B., Hydromagnetic stability of plasma, in Voprosy teorii plazmy (Problems in the Theory of Plasma), Leontovich, M.A., Ed., Moscow: Gosatomizdat, 1963, vol. 2, pp. 132–176.
Kirpichev, I.P. and Antonova, E.E., Plasma pressure distribution in the equatorial plane of the Earth’s magnetosphere at geocentric distances of 6–10RE according to the international THEMIS mission data, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2011, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 450–455. doi 10.1134/S0016793211040049
Kirpichev, I.P. and Antonova, E.E., Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth, 2014, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 52–60. doi 10.1134/S0010952514010043
Kirpichev, I.P., Antonova, E.E., Borodkova, N.L., Budnik, E.Yu., et al., The features of the ion plasma pressure distributions in the near Earth plasma sheet, Planet. Space Sci., 2005, vol. 53, pp. 209–215. doi 10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.046
Kozyra, J.U., Jordanova, V.K., Borovsky, J.E., Thomsen, M.F., et al., Effects of a high-density plasma sheet on ring current development during the November 2–6, 1993, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, vol. 103, no. A11, pp. 26285–26306. doi 10.1029/98JA01964
Kubyshkina, M.V., Sergeev, V.A., Dubyagin, S.V., Wing, S., et al., Constructing the magnetospheric model including pressure measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 2002, vol. 107, no. A6, doi 10.1029/2001JA900167
Lackner, K., Deformation of a magnetic dipole field by trapped particles, J. Geophys. Res., 1970, vol. 75, no. 16, pp. 3180–3192. doi 10.1029/JA075i016p03180
Liemohn, M.W., Yet another caveat to using the Dessler–Parker–Sckopke relation, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 68, no. A6. doi 10.1029/2003JA009839
Liemohn, M.W., Kozyra, J.U., Jordanova, V.K., Khazanov, G.V., et al., Analysis of early phase ring current recovery mechanisms during geomagnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1999, vol. 25, no. 18, pp. 2845–1848. doi 10.1029/1999GL900611
Lui, A.T.Y., Inner magnetospheric plasma pressure distribution and its local time asymmetry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, vol. 30, no. 16. doi 10.1029/2003GL017596
Lui, A.T.Y. and Hamilton, D.C., Radial profile of quite time magnetospheric parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 1992, vol. 97, no. A12, pp. 19325–19332. doi 10.1029/92JA01539
Lui, A.T.Y., Spence, H.E., and Stern, D.P., Empirical modeling of the quiet time night-side magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 151–157. doi 10.1029/93JA02647
Lyons, R.L. and Williams, D.J., Quantitative Aspects of Magnetospheric Physics, Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1982; Moscow: Mir, 1987.
Parker, E.N., The alternative paradigm for magnetospheric physics, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, vol. 101, no. A5, pp. 10587–10625. doi 10.1029/95JA02866
Pinto, V., Stepanova, M., Antonova, E.E., and Valdivia, J.A., Estimation of the eddy-diffusion coefficients in the plasma sheet using THEMIS satellite data, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2011, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 1472–1477. doi 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.05.007
Sckopke, N., A general relation between energy of trapped particles and the disturbance field over the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 1966, vol. 71, no. 13, pp. 3125–3130. doi 10.1029/JZ071i013p03125
Sozou, C. and Windle, D.W., Self consistent ring current in the Earth’s dipole field, Planet. Space Sci., 1969, vol. 17, pp. 375–387. doi 10.1016/0032-0633(69)90070-1
Stepanova, M., Antonova, E.E., Paredes-Davis, D., Ovchinnikov, I.L., and Yermolaev, Y.I., Spatial variation of eddy-diffusion coefficients in the turbulent plasma sheet during substorms, Ann. Geophys., 2009, vol. 27, pp. 1407–1411. doi 10.5194/angeo-27-1407-2009
Stepanova, M., Pinto, V., Valdivia, J.A., and Antonova, E.E., Spatial distribution of the eddy diffusion coefficients in the plasma sheet during quiet time and substorms from THEMIS satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 2011, vol. 116, no. 1. doi 10.1029/2010JA015887
Tverskoi, B.A., On field-aligned currents in the magnetosphere, Geomagn. Aeron., 1982, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 991–995.
Vasyliunas, V.M., Mathematical models of magnetospheric convection and its coupling to the ionosphere, in Particles and Fields in the Magnetosphere, McCormac, B.M., Ed., Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1970, pp. 60–71.
Vovchenko, V.V. and Antonova, E.E., Nonlinear disturbance of the dipole field by an axisymmetric plasma distribution, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2010, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 739–748.
Vovchenko, V.V. and Antonova, E.E., Dependence of volumes of magnetic flux tubes on plasma pressure and disturbance in the magnetic field in the axially symmetric case, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2012, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 49–59.
Vovchenko, V.V. and Antonova, E.E., Dipole magneticfield disturbance and generation of current systems by asymmetric plasma pressure, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2014, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 164–172. doi 10.7868/S0016794014020205
Wang, C.P., Gkioulidou, M., Lyons, L.R., Wolf, R.A., et al., Spatial distributions of ions and electrons from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere: Comparisons between THEMIS Geotail statistical results and the Rice convection model, J. Geophys. Res., 2011, vol. 116, no. 11. doi 10.1029/2011JA016809
Wang, C.-P., Zaharia, S.G., Lyons, L.R., and Angelopoulos, V., Spatial distributions of ion pitch angle anisotropy in the near-Earth magnetosphere and tail plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys, 2013, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 244–255. doi 10.1029/2012JA018275
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.V. Vovchenko, E.E. Antonova, 2017, published in Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, 2017, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 280–289.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vovchenko, V.V., Antonova, E.E. Perturbation of the magnetic field in the Earth’s magnetosphere due to plateau creation in the radial distribution of plasma pressure. Geomagn. Aeron. 57, 257–265 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793217030173
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793217030173