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Adaptive epibiochemistry and epigenetics

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Abstract

Enzymatic reactions of post-synthetic modification of macromolecules occur in the cells of all organisms. These reactions, which can be designated as epibiochemical, are of a special type and, as discriminated from reactions with low molecular weight substrates, occur on the level of biopolymers, causing their covalent modification. The majority of epibiochemical modifications of proteins, DNA, and RNA are reversible and are carried out by modification transferases and demodification enzymes, respectively. Epibiochemical, i.e. those located above the low molecular weight metabolites, modifications of proteins and nucleic acids perform various functions, including participation in molecular mechanisms of adaptive epigenetic heredity. This paper presents an overview of some adaptive epibiochemical modifications of macromolecules and the adaptive epigenetic processes on their basis. The features of epigenetic inheritance of acquired characteristics and the limits of biological evolution are discussed.

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Abbreviations

CpHpG:

(H = A, T, or C)

CpWpG:

(W = A or T)

ebc-modifications:

epibiochemical modifications

HSP:

heat shock proteins

m5C:

5-methylcytosine

MGE:

mobile genetic elements

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  1. Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

    Ya. I. Buryanov

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Original Russian Text © Ya. I. Buryanov, 2015, published in Biokhimiya, 2015, Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 1376–1390.

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Buryanov, Y.I. Adaptive epibiochemistry and epigenetics. Biochemistry Moscow 80, 1145–1156 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297915090059

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