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The Effect of Heart Rate, Preload, and Afterload on the Viscoelastic Properties of the Swine Myocardium

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Abstract

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that viscoelastic properties of the swine myocardium are independent of heart rate (HR), preload (PL), and afterload (AL). Left ventricular pressure and aortic flow (AoF) waveforms were recorded in 13 swine. At different paced heart rates, an inferior vena caval occlusion (IVC) was used to reduce PL, then the IVC was released and simultaneously the aorta was clamped to increase AL. Equivalent left ventricular pressure waveform pairs consisting of an ejecting waveform (denoted as LVP) and isovolumic waveform (denoted as hydromotive pressure, HMP) were selected according to specified criteria resulting in 371 equivalent waveform pairs. From the selected waveform pairs and corresponding aortic flow waveforms, the viscoelastic properties (k and ε1) were estimated by HMP = LVP + ε1 V EJ + k × LVP × AoF. Here ε1 is the parallel elastance, k is the myocardial friction, and V EJ is the integral of AoF over ejection. Next, using k, ε1, LVP, and AoF waveforms, HMP was estimated using the equation above. To validate the model, the measured HMP and model-calculated HMP were compared for 371 matched waveform pairs (R 2 = 0.97, SEE = 3.7 mmHg). The viscoelastic parameters (k and ε1) did not exhibit any clear or predictable dependence on HR, PL, and AL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND

    Dan Ewert & Bruce Wheeler

  2. NDSU Statistics Consulting Lab, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND

    Curt Doetkott

  3. Department of Surgery, Jewish Hospital Heart, and Lung Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

    Constantine Ionan, George Pantalos & Steven C. Koenig

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Ewert, D., Wheeler, B., Doetkott, C. et al. The Effect of Heart Rate, Preload, and Afterload on the Viscoelastic Properties of the Swine Myocardium. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 32, 1211–1222 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1114/B:ABME.0000039355.53117.6f

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