Abstract
This study investigated the biphasic poroviscoelastic properties of normal and proteoglycan-depleted articular cartilage to validate this model for use in the diagnosis of degenerated cartilage. A normal control group, a buffer-treated control group, and a trypsin-treated proteoglycan-depleted experimental group were investigated. Water content and glycosaminoglycan concentration were measured for each group in order to assess the affects of buffer treatment and trypsin treatment on normal articular cartilage. Histological staining with toluidine blue confirmed the depletion of proteoglycan molecules by trypsin treatment. Specimens from each group were tested in unconfined compression, and the biphasic poroviscoelastic model was fit to the data obtained. No significant difference in water content was found between any of the three groups. Glycosaminoglycan concentration was found to be significantly lower in the trypsin-treated group when compared to both the normal and buffer-treated groups, while no difference between normal and buffer-treated specimens was found. Specimens from the normal and buffer-treated groups behaved the same mechanically. Model parameters from these two groups were not statistically different. However, model parameters for the trypsin-treated group were statistically different from those from the other two groups, suggesting that the biphasic poroviscoelastic model may be a powerful diagnostic tool for degenerative articular cartilage. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society.
PAC2002: 8780Rb, 8719Rr, 8715Rn
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Armstrong, C. G., and V. C. Mow. Variations in the intrinsic mechanical properties of human articular cartilage with age, degeneration, and water content. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 64A:88-94, 1982.
Buckwalter, J., E. Hunziker, L. Rosenberg, R. Coutts, M. Adams, and D. Eyre. Articular cartilage: Composition and structure. In: Injury and Repair of the Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues, edited by S-Y. Woo and J. Buckwalter. New York: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1988, Chap. 9.
Carney, S. L., M. E. J. Billingham, H. Muir, and J. D. Sandy. Demonstration of increased proteoglycan turnover in cartilage explants from dogs with experimental osteoarthritis. J. Orthop. Res. 2:201-206, 1984.
DiSilvestro, M. R., and J-K. F. Suh. A cross validation of the biphasic poroviscoelastic model of articular cartilage in unconfined compression, indentation, and confined compression. J. Biomech. 34:519-525, 2001.
DiSilvestro, M. R., Q. Zhu, and J-K. F. Suh. Biphasic poroviscoelastic simulation of the unconfined compression of articular cartilage. II. Effect of variable ramp strain rates. J. Biomech. Eng. 123:198-200, 2001.
DiSilvestro, M. R., Q. Zhu, M. Wong, J. S. Jurvelin, and J-K. F. Suh. Biphasic poroviscoelastic simulation of the uncon-fined compression of articular cartilage. I. Simultaneous prediction of reaction force and lateral displacement. J. Biomech. Eng. 123:191-197, 2001.
Farndale, R. W., D. J. Buttle, and A. J. Barrett. Improved quantitation and discrimination of sulphated glycosaminoglycans by use of dimethylmethylene blue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 883:173-177, 1986.
Guilak, F., A. Ratcliffe, N. Lane, M. P. Rosenwasser, and V. C. Mow. Mechanical and biochemical changes in the super-ficial zone of articular cartilage in canine experimental osteoarthritis. J. Orthop. Res. 12:474-484, 1994.
Hardingham, T. E., A. J. Fosang, and J. Dudhia. Aggrecan, the chondroitin sulfate/keratan sulfate proteoglycan from cartilage. In: Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis, edited by K. E. Kuettner, R. Schleyerbach, J. G. Peyron, and V. C. Hascall. New York: Raven, 1992, Chap. 1.
Kempson, G. E., M. A. Tuke, J. T. Dingle, A. J. Barrett, and P. H. Horsfield. The effects of proteolytic enzymes on the mechanical properties of adult human articular cartilage. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 428:741-760, 1976.
Mak, A. F. The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage-the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows. J. Biomech. Eng. 108:123-130, 1986.
Mankin, H. J., V. C. Mow, J. A. Buckwalter, J. P. Iannotti, and A. Ratcliffe. Form and function of articular cartilage. In: Orthopaedic Basic Science, edited by S. R. Simon. New York: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1994, Chap. 1.
Mow, V. C., A. F. Mak, and W. M. Lai. Viscoelastic properties of proteoglycan subunits and aggregates in varying solution concentrations. J. Biomech. 325-338, 1984.
Storn, R., and K. Price. Differential evolution-a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces. J. Global Optim. 11:341-359, 1997.
Suh, J-K., and S. Bai. Finite-element formulation of biphasic poroviscoelastic model for articular cartilage. J. Biomech. Eng. 120:195-201, 1998.
Suh, J-K., and M. R. DiSilvestro. Biphasic poroviscoelastic behavior of hydrated biological soft tissue. J. Appl. Mech. 66:528-535, 1999.
Suh, J-K., and S. Bai. Biphasic poroviscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage in creep indentation test. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 1997, Vol. 22, p. 823.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
DiSilvestro, M.R., Suh, JK.F. Biphasic Poroviscoelastic Characteristics of Proteoglycan-Depleted Articular Cartilage: Simulation of Degeneration. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 30, 792–800 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1114/1.1496088
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1114/1.1496088