Skip to main content

Comparative Perspectives on Immigrant Minority Languages in Multicultural Europe

  • Chapter
Maintaining Minority Languages in Transnational Contexts

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities ((PSMLC))

Abstract

In this chapter we focus on the status of immigrant minority (IM) languages at home and at school from four different European perspectives. In the first section we offer phenomenological perspectives on the semantics of our field of study and some central notions in this field. In the second part we discuss the utilization and effects of different demographic criteria for the definition and identification of (school) population groups in a multicultural society. Next we offer sociolinguistic perspectives on the distribution and vitality of IM languages across Europe. In this context the rationale and major outcomes of the Multilingual Cities Project, realized in six major multicultural cities in different European Union (EU) nation states, are presented. Finally we offer comparative perspectives on educational policies and practices in the domain of IM languages in the six EU countries under discussion. We conclude with an outlook on how multilingualism can be promoted for all children in an increasingly multicultural Europe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alladina, S. (1993) ‘South Asian languages in Britain’. In G. Extra and L. Verhoeven (eds), pp. 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alladina, S. and Edwards, V. (eds) (1991) Multilingualism in the British Isles (Vol. 1, The Older Mother Tongues and Europe; Vol. 2, Africa, the Middle East and Asia). Longman: London/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, P. and Eversley, J. (eds) (2000) Multilingual Capital: The Languages of London’s School Children and Their Relevance to Economic, Social and Educational Policies. Battlebridge Publications: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broeder, P. and Extra, G. (1998) Language, Ethnicity and Education: Case Studies on Immigrant Minority Groups and Immigrant Minority Languages. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caubet, D., Chaker, S. and Sibille, J. (eds) (2002) Codification des Langues de France [Codification of the Languages of France]. l’Harmattan: Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • CBS (2000/2002) Allochtonen in Nederland [Allochtones in the Netherlands]. CBS: Voorburg/Heerlen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, S. (1986) The Education of Linguistic and Cultural Minorities in the OECD Countries. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clyne, M. (1991) Community Languages: The Australian Experience. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Clyne, M. (2003) Dynamics of Language Contact. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn-Bendit, D. and Schmid, T. (1992) Heimat Babylon, Das Wagnis der Multikulturellen Demokratie [Heimat Babylon, The Challenge of a Multicultural Democracy]. Hoffmann & Campe: Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (2000) Linguistic Diversity for Democratic Citizenship in Europe: Towards a Framework for Language Education Policies, Proceedings Innsbruck (Austria) May 1999. Council of Europe: Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J. (1985) Language, Society and Identity. Basil Blackwell: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J. (1994) Multilingualism. Routledge: London.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (1995) Whitebook: Teaching and Learning, Towards a Cognitive Society.COM: Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2003) Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity: An Action Plan 2004–2006.COM:Brussels, www.europa.eu.int/comm/education/policies/lang/languages/actionplan_en.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G. and De Ruiter, J.J. (eds) (2001) Babylon Aan de Noordzee: Nieuwe Talen in Nederland [Babylon on the North Sea: New Languages in the Netherlands]. Bulaaq: Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G. and Goiter, D. (eds) (2001) The Other Languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G. and Verhoeven, L. (eds) (1993a) Community Languages in the Netherlands. Swets & Zeitlinger: Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G. and Verhoeven, L. (eds) (1993b) Immigrant Languages in Europe. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G. and Verhoeven, L. (eds) (1998) Bilingualism and Migration. Mouton De Gruyter: Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G. and Yagmur, K. (eds) (2004) Urban Multilingualism in Europe: Immigrant Minority Languages at Home and School. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Extra, G., Aarts, R., van der Avoird, T., Broeder, P., and Yagmur, K. (2002) De Andere Talen van Nederland: Thuis en op School [The Other Languages of the Netherlands: At Home and in School]. Coutinho: Bussum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fase, W. (1994) Ethnic Divisions in Western European Education. Waxmann: Münster/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fase, W., Jaspaert, K. and Kroon, S. (eds) (1995) The State of Minority Languages: International Perspectives on Survival and Decline. Swets & Zeitlinger: Lisse/ Exton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. (1977) ‘Language and ethnicity’. In H. Giles (ed.) Language, Ethnicity and Intergroup Relations. Academic Press: London, pp. 15–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. (1988) ‘ “English only”: Its ghosts, myths, and dangers’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 74: 125–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. (1989) Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foblets, M. and Pang, C. (eds) (1999) Culture, Ethnicity and Migration. Acco: Leuven/Leusden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogolin, I. (1994) Der monolinguale Habitus der multilingualen Schule [The Monolingual Habitus of the Multilingual School]. Waxmann: Münster/ New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husén, T. and Opper, S. (eds) (1983) Multicultural and Multilingual Education in Immigrant Countries. Pergamon Press: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaspaert, K. and Kroon, S. (eds) (1991) Ethnic Minority Languages and Education. Swets & Zeitlinger: Amsterdam/Lisse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, J. (ed.) (2003) Turkish Speakers in North Western Europe. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon. Guus Extra 55

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroon, S. (1990) Opportunities and Constraints of Community Language Teaching. Waxmann: Münster/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruyt, A. and Niessen, J. (1997) ‘Integration’. In H. Vermeulen (ed.) Immigrant Policy for a Multicultural Society: A Comparative Study of Integration, Language and Religious Policy in Five Western European Countries. Migration Policy Group: Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • LMP (Linguistic Minorities Project) (1985) The Other Languages of England. Routledge & Kegan: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P., Creese, A., Bhaff, A., and Bhojani, N. (2004) Complementary Schools and Their Communities in Leicester: Final Report. School of Education: University of Leicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, J. (1992) Language Diversity Surveys as Agents of Awareness Raising and Change in Education, PhD thesis (unpublished ). University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolov, M. and Curtain, H. (eds) (2000) An Early Start: Young Learners and Modern Languages in Europe and Beyond. Council of Europe: Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakes, L. (2001) Language and National Identity: Comparing France and Sweden. John Benjamins: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Obdeijn, H. and De Ruiter, J.J. (eds) (1998) Le Maroc au coeur de l’Europe: L’enseignement de la langue et culture d’origine (ELCO) aux élèves marocains dans cinq pays européens [Morocco in the heart of Europe: The Teaching of the Home Language and Culture to Moroccan Students in Five European Countries]. Tilburg University Press, Syntax Datura: Tilburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillipson, R. (2003) English-Only Europe? Challenging Language Policy. Routledge: London/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, H. (1991) ‘Developments in ethnic minority language teaching within the European community’. In K. Jaspaert and S. Kroon (eds), pp. 161–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, H. (1994) ‘Unterricht der Herkunftssprachen von Migranten in anderen europäischen Einwanderungsländern’ [The teaching of home languages of migrants in other European immigrant countries]. In A. Dick (ed.) Muttersprachlicher Unterricht: Ein Baustein für die Erziehung zur Mehrsprachigkeit [Mother Tongue Teaching: A Stepping Stone for the Education in Multilingualism]. Hessisches Kultusministerium: Wiesbaden, pp. 31–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, E. and Reich, H. (1992) Breaking the Boundaries: Migrant Workers’ Children in the EC. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roosens, E. (1989) Creating Ethnicity: The Process of Ethnogenesis. Sage: Newbury Park.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smolicz, J. (1980) ‘Language as a core value of culture’, Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smolicz, J. (1992) ‘Minority languages as core values of ethnic cultures: A study of maintenance and erosion of Polish, Welsh, and Chinese languages in Australia’. In W. Fase, K. Jaspaert, and S. Kroon (eds) Maintenance and Loss of Minority Languages. Benjamins: Amsterdam, pp. 277–305.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. (1993) Multikulturalismus und die Politik der Anerkannung [Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition]. Fischer: Frankfurt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilmatine, M. (ed.) (1997) Enseignment des langues d’origine et immigration nord-africaine en Europe: Langue maternelle ou langue d’état? [The Teaching of Home Languages and North African Immigration in Europe: Mother Tongue or the Language of the State]. INALCO/CEDREA-CRB: Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosi, A. (1984) Immigration and Bilingual Education: A Case Study of Movement of Population, Language Change and Education within the EEC. Pergamon Press: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO (2002) Universal Declaration of Cultural Diversity. Paris, www.unesco.org/culture/pluralism/diversity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Londen, S. and De Ruijter, A. (1999) ‘Ethnicity and identity’. In M. Foblets and C. Pang (eds), 69–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen, H. (1999) ‘Essentializing difference? The census, multiculturalism and the multiracials in the USA’. In M. Foblets and C. Pang (eds), 81–98.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2007 Guus Extra

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Extra, G. (2007). Comparative Perspectives on Immigrant Minority Languages in Multicultural Europe. In: Pauwels, A., Winter, J., Lo Bianco, J. (eds) Maintaining Minority Languages in Transnational Contexts. Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230206397_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics