Skip to main content

“Penny for Your Thoughts”: Outsourcing Public Policy Formulation, the Israeli Case

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Privatization of Israel

Abstract

This chapter explores the outsourcing of public policy formulation at the strategic level in Israel, using a systematic review of public tenders aimed at procuring consulting services. The chapter demonstrates that the Israeli government is willing to allow external providers to define policy problems and to formulate the public policy to address them. The evidence presented shows that this externalization is performed in various policy areas, at the national, strategic level. The chapter discusses implications of these findings in two aspects: possible democratic deficit stemming from the use of private firms for policy formulation and implications for the status and capacity of the Israeli public service.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  • Abelson, Donald E. 2000. Do Think Tanks Matter? Opportunities, Constraints and Incentives for Think Tanks in Canada and the United States. Global Society 14: 213–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bessette, Joseph M. 1994. The Mild Voice of Reason: Deliberative Democracy and American National Government. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beveridge, Ross. 2012. Consultants, De-Politicization and Arena-Shifting in the Policy Process: Privatizing Water in Berlin. Policy Sciences 45: 47–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boston, Jonathan. 1994. Purchasing Policy Advice: The Limits to Contracting Out. Governance 7: 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boston, Jonathan. 1995. Inherently Governmental Functions and the Limits to Contracting Out. In The State Under Contract, ed. Jonathan Boston, 78–111. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, Garry D., and Peter DeLeon. 1983. The Foundations of Policy Analysis. Homerwood, IL: Dorsey Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesterman, Simon. 2008. We Can’t Spy… If We Can’t Buy!: The Privatization of Intelligence and the Limits of Outsourcing ‘Inherently Governmental Functions’. European Journal of International Law 19: 1055–1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dery, David. 1984. Problem Definition in Policy Analysis. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek, John S. 1983. Don’t Toss Coins in Garbage Cans: A Prologue to Policy Design. Journal of Public Policy 3: 345–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Follesdal, Andreas, and Simon Hix. 2006. Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 44: 533–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galnoor, Itzhak. 2007. Public Administration in Israel: Development, Structure, Functions and Reforms. Jerusalem: Academon Publications (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Galnoor, Itzhak, David Rosenbloom, and Allon Yaroni. 1998. Creating New Public Management Reforms: Lessons from Israel. Administration & Society 30: 393–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttman, Dan. 2000. Public Purpose and Private Service: The Twentieth Century Culture of Contracting out and the Evolving Law of Diffused Sovereignty. Administrative Law Review 52: 859–926.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halligan, John. 1995. Policy Advice and the Public Service. In Governance in a Changing Environment, ed. B. Guy Peters and Donald J. Savoie, 138–172. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazani, Golan. 2011. Strategic-Economic Advice for the Government—Give up Double Consulting. Calcalist, March 27 (in Hebrew). http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3512731,00.html. Accessed 7 Feb 2016.

  • Hogwood, Brian W., and Lewis A. Gunn. 1984. Policy Analysis for the Real World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howlett, Michael. 2010. Designing Public Policies: Principles and Instruments. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilan, Shachar. 2016. The Government Spent 169 million NIS in a Year on Strategic Consulting. Calcalist, November 14 (in Hebrew). http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3701724,00.html. Accessed 7 Feb 2017.

  • Kettl, Donald F. 1993. Sharing Power: Public Governance and Private Markets. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, Cheryl Simrell, Kathryn M. Feltey, and Bridget O’Neill Susel. 1998. The Question of Participation: Toward Authentic Public Participation in Public Administration. Public Administration Review 58 (4): 317–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapsley, Irvine, and Rosie Oldfield. 2001. Transforming the Public Sector: Management Consultants as Agents of Change. European Accounting Review 10 (3): 523–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paz-Fuchs, Amir. 2011. Who Moved My Knowledge? Eretz Aheret: On Israelism and Judaism 63: 62–66 (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochefort, David A., and Roger W. Cobb. 1993. Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice. Policy Studies Journal 21: 56–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roodhooft, Filip, and Alexandra Van den Abbeele. 2006. Public Procurement of Consulting Services: Evidence and Comparison with Private Companies. International Journal of Public Sector Management 19: 490–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, Gene, and Lynn J. Frewer. 2000. Public Participation Methods: A Framework for Evaluation. Science, Technology & Human Values 25: 3–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozner, Rivka. 2011. Someone to Think for Us. Eretz Aheret: On Israelism and Judaism 63: 24–31 (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saint-Martin, Denis. 1998a. Management Consultants, the State, and the Politics of Administrative Reform in Britain and Canada. Administration & Society 30: 533–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saint-Martin, Denis. 1998b. The New Managerialism and the Policy Influence of Consultants in Government: An Historical–Institutionalist Analysis of Britain, Canada and France. Governance 11: 319–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speers, Kimberly. 2007. The Invisible Private Service: Consultants and Public Policy in Canada. In Policy Analysis in Canada: The State of the Art, ed. Laurent Dobuzinskis, Michael Howlett, and David Laycock, 573–600. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, Diane. 2000. Non-governmental Policy Transfer: The Strategies of Independent Policy Institutes. Governance 13 (1): 45–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strøm, Kaare. 2000. Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. European Journal of Political Research 37: 261–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigoda-Gadot, Eran, Haim Cohen, and Yair Zalmanovitch. 2014. Does the Privatizing of Policy Formation Threaten Democracy? Arguments from the Israeli Experience. Policy Studies 35: 484–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, Janet A. 1989. The Powers of Problem Definition: The Case of Government Paperwork. Policy Sciences 22: 97–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Richard. 2006. Policy Analysis as Policy Advice. In The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy, ed. Michael Moran, Martin Rein, and Robert E. Goodin, 152–185. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Reut Marciano .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix

Appendix

Table 11.2 Number of tenders sorted to level 1: “Strategic level”, by ministry (Source the Author)

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Marciano, R. (2018). “Penny for Your Thoughts”: Outsourcing Public Policy Formulation, the Israeli Case. In: Paz-Fuchs, A., Mandelkern, R., Galnoor, I. (eds) The Privatization of Israel. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58261-4_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics