Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema Xgrandiflora Ramat. Kitamura) stem transverse thin celllayers (tTCLs) were used to obtain defined morphogenic programs with selectedplant growth regulators. A rhizogenic pathway could be manipulated invitro by the application of a single auxin (2,4-D, NAA, IBA or IAA,in increasing order of rhizogenic response), or by the addition of coconutwater, with light or darkness playing a significant role. The addition of TIBAeliminated the rhizogenic capacity of all the auxins tested, but not that ofcoconut water, while the addition of activated charcoal was inhibitory. Theabsence of sucrose resulted in a limited rhizogenic response. Results clearlyindicate the importance of auxins, media additives and light in the activationof a rhizogenic program in chrysanthemum tTCLs. Due to their restricted size andmedium-dependant nature, the capacity to control rhizogenesis and/ororganogenesis in chrysanthemum (and indeed any plant species) by TCLs hasfar-reaching consequences and applications in the floricultural andpharmaceutical sectors. Since all factors (exogenously-applied hormones andother growth-stimulating or growth-inhibiting substances, light, temperature,humidity and other environmental cues) may be strictly controlled invitro, TCL technology allows for the establishment of protocols aimedat chrysanthemum flower improvement through genetic engineering, the success ofwhich lies in its first step i.e. programmable morphogenesis and regeneration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azmi A., Noin M., Landre P., Proteau M., Boudet A.M. and Chriqui D. 1997. High frequency plant regeneration from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. hypocotyls: Ontogenesis and ploidy level of the regenerants. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 51: 9–16.
Boase M.R., Bradley J.M. and Borst N.K. 1998a. Genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens of florists' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema X grandiflorum) cultivar ‘Peach Margaret’. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol-Plant 34: 46–51.
Boase M.R., Butler R.C. and Borst N.K. 1998b. Chrysanthemumcultivar-Agrobacterium interactions revealed by GUS expression time course experiments. Sci. Hort. 77: 89–107.
Budhiono A., Rosidi B., Taher H. and Iguchi M. 1999. Kinetic aspects of bacterial cellulose formation in nata-de-coco culture system. Carbo. Polym. 40: 137–143.
Fukai S., Chen Z. and Oë M. 1987. Cultivar differences in adventitious shoot formation from leaf segments of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura). Bull Osaka Agri. Res. Cen. 24: 55–58.
Gabryszewska E. 1996. The influence of temperature, daylength and sucrose concentration on the growth and development of Alstroemeria ‘Zebra’ in vitro. Acta Agrobot. 49: 131–140.
Hashim Z.N., Campbell W.F. and Carman J.G. 1991. Normalization of the DNA content of telophase cells from wheat calli by nutrient modifications. Theor Appl. Genet. 82: 413–416.
Kallak H., Reidla M., Hilpus I. and Virumae K. 1997. Effects of genotype, explant source and growth regulators on organogenesis in carnation callus. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 51: 127–135.
Karabaghli D.C., Sotta B., Bonnet M., Gay G. and Le Tacon F. 1998. The auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid (TIBA) inhibits the stimulation of in vitro lateral root formation and the colonization of the tap-root cortex of Norway spruce (Picea albies) seedlings by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. New Phytol. 140: 723–733.
Kononowicz H. and Janick J. 1998. Somatic embryogenesis via callus of Theobroma cacao L. I cell cycle, DNA content, RNA synthesis, and DNA template activity. Acta Physiol. Plant 10: 93–106.
Lu C.Y., Nugent G. and Wardley T. 1990. Efficient direct plant regeneration from stem segments of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium Ramat. cv. Royal Purple). Plant Cell Rep. 8: 733–736.
Marin M.L. and Marin J.A. 1998. Excised rootstock roots cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Rep. 18: 350–355.
Mathur G. and Nadgauda R. 1999. In vitro plantlet regeneration from mature zygotic embryos of Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. Plant Cell Rep. 19: 74–80.
Malamug J.J.F., Yazawa S. and Asahira T. 1992. Callus formation and multiplication in taro. J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60: 927–933.
Mishiba K. and Mii K. 2000. Polysomaty analysis in diploid and tetraploid Portulaca grandiflora. Plant Sci. 156: 213–219.
Moncousin C. 1991. Rooting of in vitro cuttings. In: Bajaj Y.P.S. (ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 17. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 231–260.
Mosihuzzaman M., Paul G.K. and Nahar N. 1993. Analysis of carbohydrates in green coconut water. Dhaka Univ. Studies Part B. Sci. 41: 113–118.
Murashige T. and Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant 15: 473–479.
Németh G. 1986. Induction of rooting. In: Trees I. and Bajaj Y.P.S. (eds), Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry. Vol. 1. Springer, Berlin, pp. 49–64.
Nunes J.F. 1998. Utilization of the coconut water as extender of the semen of domestic animals and man. Rev. Bras Repr. Anim. 22: 109–112.
Palanisamy K., Ansari S.A., Kumar P. and Gupta B.N. 1998. Adventitious rooting in shoot cuttings of Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata. New Forests 16: 81–88.
Sabatini S., Beis D., Wolkenfeldt H., Murfett J., Guilfoyle T., Malamy J. et al. 1999. An auxin-dependent distal organizer of pattern and polarity in the Arabidopsis root. Cell 99: 463–472.
Shahzad A., Hasan H. and Siddiqui S.A. 1999. Callus induction and regeneration in Solanum nigrum L. in vitro. Phytomorphology 49: 215–220.
Sherman J.M., Moyer J.W. and Daub M.E. 1998. A regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for genetically diverse chrysanthemum cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123: 189–194.
Siddiqui Z.M., Farooq S.A. and Rao Y.B.N. 1999. High efficiency clonal propagation of Carica papaya L. under in vitro conditions through epicotyl explants. Adv. Plant Sci. 12: 341–344.
Suri S.S., Jain S. and Ramawat K.G. 1999. Plantlet regeneration and bulbil formation in vitro from leaf and stem explants of Curculigo orchioides, an endangered medicinal plant. Sci. Hort. 79: 127–134.
Takatsu Y., Nishizawa Y., Hibi T. and Akutsu K. 1999. Transgenic chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) expressing a rice chitinase gene shows enhanced resistance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Sci. Hort. 82: 113–123.
Teixeira da Silva J.A 2002. Polyamines in the regulation of chrysanthemum and tobacco in vitro morphogenic pathways. Prop. Orn. Plants 2: 9–15.
Teixeira da Silva J.A. and Fukai S. 2002. Change in transgene expression following transformation of chrysanthemum by four gene introduction methods. Prop. Orn. Plants 2: 28–37.
Thakur R.C., Hosoi Y. and Ishii K. 1998. Rapid in vitro propagation of Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro – an edible fern. Plant Cell Rep. 18: 203–208.
Tosca A., Delledonne M., Furini A., Belenghi B., Fogher C. and Frangi P. 2000. Transformation of Korean chrysanthemum (Dendranthema zawadskii x D. grandiflorum) and insertion of the maize autonomous element Ac using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Gen. Breed. 54: 19–24.
Tran Thanh Van K. 1973a. In vitro de novo flower, bud, root and callus differentiation from excised epidermal tissue. Nature 246: 44–45.
Tran Thanh Van K. 1973b. Direct flower neoformation from superficial tissues of small explant of Nicotiana tabacum L. Planta 115: 87–92.
Tran Thanh Van K. 1980. Control of morphogenesis by inherent and exogenously applied factors in thin cell layers. Intl. Rev. Cytol. Suppl. 11A: 175–194.
Tran Thanh Van K. and Bui V.L. 2000. Current status of thin cell layer method for the induction of organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. In: Mohan S.J., Gupta P.K. and Newton R.J. (eds), Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. Vol. 6. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 51–92.
Tran Thanh Van K., Toubart P. and Cousson A. 1985. Manipulation of the morphogenetic pathways of tobacco explants by oligosaccharins. Nature 314: 615–617.
Young K.J., Jung P.S., Young U.B., Ho P.C., Soo C.Y. and Sheop S.J. 1998. Transformation of chrysanthemum by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with three different types of vectors. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39: 360–366.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Teixeira da Silva, J.A. Thin cell layer technology for induced response and control of rhizogenesis in chrysanthemum. Plant Growth Regulation 39, 67–76 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021854320969
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021854320969