Abstract
A one-step steam pyrolysis scheme was applied, in the range 600–700°C, for the production of activated carbons from five lignocellulosic materials. The products were characterized by N2/77 K adsorption for evaluating their surface area and pore volume. Simple carbonization at 700 C resulted in poor adsorbing carbons whereas porosity was remarkably enhanced under action of steam. Carbon precursors derived from date palm wastes (branches, leaves and date pits) proved feasible raw materials that produced good adsorbing carbons. Rice husks and barbecue charcoal developed porosity to a lower extent, due to the inherent ash content. All obtained carbons were essentially microporous due to the limited gasification. Steam is suggested to play a double role: it promotes both the release of volatiles with partial devolatalization, and enhances carbon formation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Smisek and S. Cerny, Active Carbon (Elsevier Pub. Co., 1970), p. 19.
R.C. Bansal, J.B. Donnet, and F. Stoeckli, Active Carbon (Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1988).
Porosity in Carbons: Characterization and Applications, edited by J.W. Patrick, Edward Arnold (London, 1995), p. 15.
J. Laine, S. Simoni, and R. Calles, Chem. Eng. Comm. 99, 15 (1991).
V. Minkova, M. Razvigorova, M. Goranova, L. Ljutzkanov, and G. Angelova, Fuel 70(6), 713 (1991).
V. Minkova, M. Razvigorova, K. Gergova, M. Goranova, L. Ljutzkanov, and G. Angelova, Fuel 71(3), 263 (1992).
K. Gergova, A. Galushko, N. Petrov, and V. Minkova, Carbon 30(5), 72 (1992).
K. Gergova, N. Petrov, and V. Minkova, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 56, 77 (1993).
K. Gergova, N. Petrov, and S. Eser, Carbon 32(4), 693 (1994).
K. Gergova and S. Eser, Carbon 34(7), 879 (1996).
O. Olaofe and H. Bosch, Chem. Age India 31(3), 238 (1980).
Th. Usmani, Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 28(4), 282 (1985).
Th. Usmani, T. Wahab, and S.Z. Ahmad, Pak. J. Sci. Indr. Res. 31(3), 221 (1988).
S. Tanin and Gurgy, Chim. Acta Turc. 15(3), 461 (1987).
S.S. Nawar and H.S. Doma, Sci. Total Environ. 79(3), 271 (1989).
L.B. Khalil and B.S. Girgis, Fuel Sci. Technol. 13(4), 131 (1994).
F. Stoeckli and L. Ballerini, Fuel 70(4), 557 (1991).
K.S.W. Sing, Chem. Ind. (London) 1520 (1968).
M.M. Dubinin, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 697 (1965) (English trans.).
M.J. Selles-Perez and J.M. Martin-Martinez, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 87(8), 1237 (1991).
M.G. Kaganer, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 33, 2202 (1959).
M.J. Selles-Perez and J.M. Martin-Martinez, Fuel 70(7), 877 (1991).
V. Gomez-Serrano, C. Valenzuela-Calahorro, and J. Pastor-Villegas, Biomass & Bioenergy 4(5), 355 (1993).
Recommondations for the Characterization of Porous Solids, Technical Report, Pure & Appl. Chem. 66(8), 1739–1758 (1994).
J.C.P. Broekhoff and B.G. Linsen, in Physical and Chemical Aspects of Adsorbents and Catalysts, edited by B.S. Linsen (Academic Press, 1970), p. 1.
A.M. Youssef, M.R. Mostafa, and E.M. Dorgham, Bull. Soc. Chim. France (6), 741 (1989).
A.M. El-Hendawy, Ph.D. thesis, Mansoura University, 1997.
H. Teng, J.-A. Ho, Y.-F. Hsu, and C.T. Hsieh, Ind. Eng. Chem. (Research) 35(11), 4043 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alaya, M., Girgis, B. & Mourad, W. Activated Carbon from Some Agricultural Wastes Under Action of One-Step Steam Pyrolysis. Journal of Porous Materials 7, 509–517 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009630928646
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009630928646