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Anti-inflammatory effects of Athyrium yokoscense extract via inhibition of the Erk1/2 and NF-κB pathways in bisphenol A-stimulated A549 cells

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Abstract

Bisphenol A is an environmental endocrine disruptor that has similar functions to estrogen in humans. However, few studies have investigated pulmonary inflammation induced by BPA, and the effect of Athyrium yokoscense extract on this inflammatory response is unknown. In this study, we investigated this effect in A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. BPA at concentrations higher than 100 µM were cytotoxic to A549 cells at 24 and 48 h after treatment; however, AYE (100 µg/mL) had a protective effect against BPA-induced cytotoxicity. AYE also inhibited the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 proteins, activities of phospholipase A2, COX-2, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and proinflammatory mediators including prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 induced by BPA in A549 cells. This study demonstrated that BPA, which induces chronic lung disease, causes oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cell line, and found that AYE reduces BPA-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response by down-regulating the Erk1/2 and NF-κB pathways.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201828101).

Funding

This work was funded by National Institute of Biological Resources with Grant no (NIBR201828101).

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  1. Jung-Kyu Lee and Won Seok Choi have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Kyu Lee, Won Seok Choi, Jin Yong Song, Oh Seong Kwon, Yeon Jin Lee & Ji-Yun Lee

  2. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea

    Jong Seok Lee & Sarah Lee

  3. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea

    Se Rin Choi & Choong Hwan Lee

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Contributions

Conceptualization: JYL and JKL. Data curation: JKL, WSC, and JYL. Investigation: JKL, WSC, JYS, OSK, YJL, JSL, SL, SRC, CHL, and JYL. Formal analysis: JKL, WSC, JYS, OSK, SRC, CHL, and YJL. Supervision: JYL. Visualization: JKL, WSC, and JYL. Project administration: JYL. Resources: JSL, SL, and JYL. Writing—original draft: JKL. Writing—review and editing: WSC, JYS, and JYL. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ji-Yun Lee.

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Lee, JK., Choi, W.S., Song, J.Y. et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of Athyrium yokoscense extract via inhibition of the Erk1/2 and NF-κB pathways in bisphenol A-stimulated A549 cells. Toxicol Res. 39, 135–146 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-022-00154-0

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