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An Appraisal of Water Quality using Geostatistics: A Case Study in Bankura Sub-division, West Bengal (India)

Eine Bewertung der Wasserqualität mit Hilfe von Geostatistik: Eine Fallstudie im Unterbezirk Bankura, Westbengalen (Indien)

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Abstract

For irrigation purposes, groundwater quality should be regularly checked so that the danger of geochemical pollutants can be decreased using the suitable treatment procedure. As an outcome, the present work focused on shaping the suitability of groundwater collected from the Bankura sub-division in West Bengal, India, for irrigation purposes using several water quality indicators. To assess the groundwater quality, 59 samples were taken from various locations around the research region during the period between 2019 and 2020, and parameters such as pH, EC, TH, alkalinity (HCO3−), calcium (Ca +), magnesium (Mg + 2), sodium (Na +), chloride (Cl−), and potassium (K) were assessed. The permeability index (PI), magnesium ratio (MR), Kelley's Index (KI), and sodium percentage (Na%) were calculated using the aforementioned factors. Geostatistical modelling (Empirical Bayesian Kriging) has been used to evaluate the geographical distribution of groundwater quality parameters. For the majority of the index’s values, the exponential semivariogram model has been certified as the best-fitting model. Additionally, the water quality index (WQI) is used to represent total water quality in a single term and determine whether water is fit for human consumption or not. The study area's WQI values range from 14.6 to 46. 16.39% indicates good water, 20.54% indicates bad water, 51.17% indicates very poor water, and 11.90% indicates water unfit for agriculture. The current dataset revealed the use of water quality indices that could be useful to policymakers in terms of proper management, treatment, and long-term social progress.

Zusammenfassung

Für Bewässerungszwecke sollte die Grundwasserqualität regelmäßig überprüft werden, damit die Gefahr geochemischer Schadstoffe durch geeignete Aufbereitungsverfahren verringert werden kann. Infolgedessen konzentrierte sich die vorliegende Arbeit darauf, die Eignung des im Bankura-Untergebiet in Westbengalen, Indien, gesammelten Grundwassers für Bewässerungszwecke anhand verschiedener Wasserqualitätsindikatoren zu bestimmen. Zur Beurteilung der Grundwasserqualität wurden im Zeitraum zwischen 2019 und 2020 59 Proben an verschiedenen Orten im Forschungsgebiet entnommen und Parameter wie pH-Wert, EC, TH, Alkalität (HCO3-), Calcium (Ca+), Magnesium (Mg+) ermittelt 2) wurden Natrium (Na+), Chlorid (Cl-) und Kalium (K) bewertet. Der Permeabilitätsindex (PI), das Magnesiumverhältnis (MR), der Kelley-Index (KI) und der Natriumanteil (Na%) wurden unter Verwendung der oben genannten Faktoren berechnet. Geostatistische Modellierung (Empirical Bayesian Kriging) wurde verwendet, um die geografische Verteilung von Grundwasserqualitätsparametern zu bewerten. Für die Mehrzahl der Indexwerte wurde das exponentielle Semivariagramm-Modell als das am besten passende Modell zertifiziert. Darüber hinaus wird der Wasserqualitätsindex (WQI) verwendet, um die Gesamtwasserqualität in einem einzigen Begriff darzustellen und zu bestimmen, ob Wasser für den menschlichen Verzehr geeignet ist oder nicht. Die WQI-Werte des Untersuchungsgebiets liegen zwischen 14.6 und 46. 16.39 % weisen auf gutes Wasser hin, 20.54 % auf schlechtes Wasser, 51.17 % auf sehr schlechtes Wasser und 11.90 % auf Wasser, das für die Landwirtschaft ungeeignet ist. Der aktuelle Datensatz enthüllte die Verwendung von Wasserqualitätsindizes, die für politische Entscheidungsträger im Hinblick auf eine ordnungsgemäße Bewirtschaftung, Behandlung und langfristigen sozialen Fortschritt nützlich sein könnten.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Central Ground Water Board, Government of India for providing publicly available groundwater data.

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  1. Department of Geography, Seacom Skills University, Kendradangal, Bolpur, West Bengal, India

    Atikuzzaman Laskar & Gouri Sankar Bhunia

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Laskar, A., Bhunia, G.S. An Appraisal of Water Quality using Geostatistics: A Case Study in Bankura Sub-division, West Bengal (India). KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. 74, 81–102 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00152-8

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