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Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Effective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Using Simarouba glauca from Aqueous Solution

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to see whether a biosorbent derived from the Simarouba glauca plant can effectively remove Cr(VI). The initial concentrations, pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time, among other things, were optimized. As a result, the biosorption capacity was obtained as 10.90 mg/g at an optimized pH of 2, a standing time of 45 min, and a temperature of 27 °C in the batch mode operations. The optimum contact time was found to decrease with an increase in temperature and biosorbent dose. The adsorption kinetics was studied with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Elovich, and Jovanovic adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to fit the best with the highest R2 (0.99) value. The adsorption efficiency was studied kinetically, and the adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order reaction. Elovich kinetics model proved the chemical adsorption mechanism between the active sites and Cr(VI) ions. The adsorption mechanism was found to involve intraparticle diffusion of Cr(VI) ions. The variability and the endothermic nature of the reaction are shown by the positive value of ΔS˚(0.207 kJ/mol) and ΔH˚ (60.168 kJ/mol), respectively. Also, the negative ΔG˚ values show the spontaneity of the reaction. FTIR study revealed the involvement of hydroxyl(-OH), alkane(-CH), alkyne, and carbonyl group in adsorption. The aggregate of Cr(VI) within the voids in the biosorbent was proved by SEM–EDX analysis. The biosorbent showed the regeneration efficiency of 74% after five successive adsorption–desorption cycles with 0.1 N HNO3. Overall, the present plant biosorbent has proved to have a high capability for removing Cr(VI) from synthetic and industrial water and can be employed at a large scale in a continuous process.

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All the experiments were carried in the laboratory, and the details are available to the researchers.

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Acknowledgements

Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, is acknowledged for providing the laboratory facilities for carrying out the experiments.

Funding

The research work has been carried out under the Ph.D. program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India, 491001

    Alka Banchhor & Madhurima Pandey

  2. LCIT Group of Institutions, Near High Court, Raipur Road, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, 495001

    Piyush Kant Pandey

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  1. Alka Banchhor
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  2. Madhurima Pandey
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Contributions

Alka Banchhor performed all the experiments under Dr. Madhurima Pandey and Dr. Piyush Kant Pandey’s guidance. The experimental data were analysed and interpreted by Alka Banchhor and Dr. Madhurima Pandey. All authors collaborated to write the manuscript and its editing. The final manuscript was read and approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Madhurima Pandey.

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Banchhor, A., Pandey, M. & Pandey, P.K. Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Effective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Using Simarouba glauca from Aqueous Solution. Water Conserv Sci Eng 6, 127–144 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-021-00106-z

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