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Durability performance of expansive soil ameliorated with binary blend of additives for infrastructure delivery

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Abstract

In the course of reducing environmental nuisance, the usage of waste residue is gaining momentum in soil re-engineering protocols. This is because of the pozzolanic tendencies attributed to these waste derivatives during the treatment of weak engineering soils. This necessitated the present study to explore the utilization of binary additive materials known as cement kiln dust (CKD) and metakaolin (MTK) in ameliorating the durability performance of black cotton soil (BCS). Black expansive clayey soils are complex materials, especially during seasonal changes, thereby becoming a road material cancer to the civil engineering profession. Using Scheffe’s technique, a total of twenty (20) different mix combinations of black cotton soil, water, cement kiln dust, and metakaolin were taken into consideration for the experimental protocols and modelling of the durability performance via loss of strength on immersion technique. The deployment of Scheffe’s design of experiment approach occasioned a peak durability performance of 87% at a mixture ratio of 1.0:0.30:0.35:0.50 with a corresponding mass conversion (%) values of 1.93:0.579:0.676:0.965 for black cotton soil, water, cement kiln dust, and metakaolin, respectively. Interestingly, the level of adequacy of the model was verified by means of statistical packages such as t-test and ANOVA; the upshot of the test shows better a correlation between the model and control results. Also, the program was found useful in predicting the tested soil property. In a step further, non-destructive test termed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was explored to understudy the ups and downs at the micro level of both the virgin and optimally treated soil materials. Judging from the outcome of the SEM experiments, the unaltered soil was at variance with the ameliorated soil.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this research article acknowledge the support fund of Akwa Ibom State University for the Ph.D studies of Imoh Christopher Attah.

Funding

This investigation is financed by the Federal Ministry of Education NEEDS Assessment Intervention Fund, Nigeria through Akwa Ibom State University. This support is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria

    Imoh Christopher Attah

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor & Onuegbu Okoronkwo Ugwu

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Nigeria

    Onuegbu Okoronkwo Ugwu

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  1. Imoh Christopher Attah
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  2. Fidelis Onyebuchi Okafor
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  3. Onuegbu Okoronkwo Ugwu
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Correspondence to Imoh Christopher Attah.

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Attah, I.C., Okafor, F.O. & Ugwu, O.O. Durability performance of expansive soil ameliorated with binary blend of additives for infrastructure delivery. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 7, 234 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00834-8

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