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Phytosterols in Salvia Seeds: Content and Composition and Correlation with Environmental Parameters

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the oil yield, content and composition of phytosterols in the seeds of six wild-grown Salvia species from Iran, including S. ceratophylla L. (3 populations), S. nemorosa L. (6 populations), S. reuteriana Boiss. (6 populations), S. spinosa L. (5 populations), S. verticillata L. (3 populations) and S. virgata Jacq. (3 populations). We also evaluated the effects of some environmental parameters on their chemical variations and characterized the investigated populations based on the sterol chemo-types. The results showed that seed oil yields ranged between 16.51 and 42.48%, with an average of 28.93%. The total sterol contents in Salvia seeds varied significantly and ranged from 145.13 to 386.75 mg 100g −1oil . β-Sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol were the main sterol constituents in all of the Salvia seed oils, with the average values of 60.13%, 27.32% and 12.55% of the total sterols, respectively. Among all the tested species, the highest level of total phytosterol and β-sitosterol contents was obtained for the seeds of S. ceratophylla. Moreover, the percentages of these compounds varied depending on climatic factors such as precipitation, humidity and temperature. The cluster analysis based on the β-sitosterol/campesterol ratio contents of the seeds categorized different populations of Salvia species into three distinct campesterol, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-rich chemo-types.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Research Councils of Shahed University for financial support during the course of this research. The authors also thank the Central Research Laboratory of Shahed University for GC analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Hamed Moazzami Farida & Tayebeh Radjabian

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Seyed Hamed Moazzami Farida

  3. Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

    Tayebeh Radjabian

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  1. Seyed Hamed Moazzami Farida
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Correspondence to Tayebeh Radjabian.

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Moazzami Farida, S.H., Radjabian, T. Phytosterols in Salvia Seeds: Content and Composition and Correlation with Environmental Parameters. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 43, 2129–2140 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-019-00721-5

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