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A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research of the Experiences of Young People and their Caregivers Affected by Suicidality and Self-harm: Implications for Family-Based Treatment

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Abstract

Despite the greatest onset and increased frequency of suicidal or self-harm behavior occurring in adolescence, most youth affected do not receive professional care. Family-based intervention offers a promising treatment for this population, however, there is much to learn about the barriers and facilitators to effective care and the tailoring of treatment necessary to meet youth and family needs. Such insights can be sourced from a growing qualitative literature reporting the views of young people and their caregivers affected by suicidality and self-harm. This systematic review analyzes qualitative research to synthesize the perspectives of these youth and their caregivers about their needs for and experiences of professional help. Following a search of 4 databases, 35 studies were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research methods. Barriers to effective care were identified at individual, family, and systems levels. Young people and their caregivers experienced fractured relationships and overwhelming emotions that impeded engagement, increased young people’s distress and suicidality, and reduced parenting efficacy. Systemic barriers to care included insufficient, fragmented, and inaccessible services, and stigmatizing or dismissive responses from healthcare providers. In contrast, effective professional care was timely, non-judgmental, collaborative, and included separate and joint sessions for youth and caregivers to address their individual needs and foster relationship repair. This review’s findings support the value of family-based treatment that pro-actively addresses stigma and highlight the need for increased services that are structured to facilitate therapeutic engagement from crisis through recovery.

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Acknowledgements

DS conceived of the study, participated in its design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and drafted the manuscript; IS participated in the design of the study, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and revisions to the manuscript; KM participated in the design of the study, evaluation of data quality, analysis and interpretation of the data, and revisions to the manuscript; IGS participated in the data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, and revisions to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. School of Psychology and Counselling-Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia

    Di Simes, Ian Shochet & Kate Murray

  2. Lower North Shore and Ryde Child and Youth Mental Health Service, 2 Herbert St., St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia

    Di Simes

  3. School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Isobel G. Sands

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Simes, D., Shochet, I., Murray, K. et al. A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research of the Experiences of Young People and their Caregivers Affected by Suicidality and Self-harm: Implications for Family-Based Treatment. Adolescent Res Rev 7, 211–233 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-021-00164-3

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