Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Estimation of atmospheric chloride deposition using new model based on the theory of perfect gases

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Understanding atmospheric circulation is essential to study particle transport in the atmosphere. This applies to certain ions (chloride, sodium, calcium, sulfate, lead, and so on) as well as certain radio-elements (cesium, polonium, tritium, etc.…). The transfer factors are primarily controlled by atmospheric dispersion and diffusion. The spatial distribution and estimation of chloride deposits in precipitation are more than necessary for such use and quantification of recharge. The aim of this paper is to calculate the annual deposition of atmospheric chloride in the semi-arid area of Djelfa using a model derived from the perfect gas theory. This model, described as parsimonious, includes two basic parameters: rainfall and temperature. It is particularly useful in semi-arid areas with varying precipitation over time and space. Overall, this new numerical modeling approach emphasizes the importance of quantifying the distribution of chloride deposition in watersheds where data is frequently missing or scarce. Its implementation on site allowed the measurement of chloride mass deposition rates ranging from 1.52 to 31.70 g/m2/year with an average of 13.41 g/m2/year. Over the entire catchment area (1300 km2), the average annual deposit is around 13,500 tons/year.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data are provided in the manuscript.

References

  • Ali Rahmani SE, Chibane B, Boucefiene A (2016) Groundwater recharge estimation in semi-arid zone: a study case from the region of Djelfa (Algeria). Appl Water Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0399-y (Accessed 18 June 2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM G140-02 (2014) Standard test method for determining atmospheric chloride deposition rate by wet candle method. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org. Accessed 21 Mar 2022

  • Boltzmann L (1987) Leçons sur la théorie des gaz Gauthier-Villars, 1902–1905 Réédition Jacques Gabay (ISBN 2-87647-004-7)

  • Bormann BT, Tarrant RF, McClellan MH, Savage T (1989) Chemistry of rainwater and cloud water at remote sites in Alaska and Oregon. J Environ Qual 18(2):149–152. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1989.00472425001800020003x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cercignani C, Boltzmann L (1998) The man who trusted atoms. Oxford University Press, p 330 (ISBN 0-19-850154-4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosbie RS, Morrow D, Cresswell RG, Leaney FW, Lamontagne S, Lefournour M (2012) New insights into the chemical and isotopic composition of rainfall across Australia. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vries JJ, Simmers I (2002) Groundwater recharge: an overview of processes and challenges. Hydrogeol J 10:5–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gastineau G (2008) Les changements de la circulation atmosphérique tropicale et conséquences lors du changement climatique, thèse de doctorat de l'université Paris 6 ; Planète et Univers [physics] / Science de la Terre/Climatologie. https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/tel-01332290. Accessed 21 March 2022

  • Goes BJM (1999) Estimate of shallow groundwater recharge in the Hadejia Nguru Wetlands, semi-arid North-Eastern Nigeria. Hydrogeol J 7:294–304 (Springer)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guan H, Love AJ, Simmons CT, Makhnin O, Kayaalp AS (2010) Factors influencing chloride deposition in a coastal hilly area and application to chloride deposition mapping. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 14: 801–813. www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/14/801/2010/, 10.5194/hess-14-801-2010. Accessed 9 Oct 2021

  • Gustafsson Mats ER, Larsson EH (2000) Spatial and temporal patterns of chloride deposition in Southern Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut 124(3–4):345–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Junge CE, Werby RT (1958) the concentration of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and sulfate in rain water over the United States. J Meteorol 15:417–425. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1958)015%3c0417:TCOCSP%3e2.0.CO;2 (Accessed 3 Sep 2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman A, Margaritz M, Paul M, Hillaire-Marcel C, Hollos G, Boaretto E, Taieb M (1990) The 36Cl ages of the brines in the Magadi-Natron basin, East Africa. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 54:2827–2833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly WR, Panno SV, Hackley K (2012) The sources, distribution, and trends of chloride in the waters of Illinois, Bulletin B-74, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, p 67. https://www.isws.illinois.edu/pubdoc/b/iswsb-74.pdf. Accessed 21 Mar 2022

  • Keywood MD, Fifield LK, Chivas AR, Cresswell RG (1998) Fallout of chlorine 36 to the Earth’s surface in the southern hemisphere. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Med Sci 103:8281–8286

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinzelbach W, Aeschbach W, Alberich C, Goni IB, Beyerle U, Brunner P, Chiang W-H, Rueedi J, Zoellmann K (2002) A survey of methods for groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions. Early warning and assessment report series, UNEP/ DEWA/RS.02-2. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya (ISBN 92-80702131-3)

  • Moulla AS, Guendouz A (1996) a survey of rainwater chemical and isotopic composition in north algeria , Séminaire International sur l’Application des Techniques Isotopiques dans le Domaine des Ressources en Eau et en Sol. Mahdia, Tunisia (14–18 June 1996)

  • Murphy D, Coops T (2005) Review of the vapour pressures of supercooled water for atmospheric applications. Q J R Meteorol Soc 131:1539–1565. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neal C (2000) Kirchner JW (2000) Sodium and chloride levels in rainfall, mist, streamwater and groundwater at the Plynlimon catchments, mid-Wales: inferences and hydrological controls. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 4(2):295–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rocard Y (1927) L'Hydrodynamique et la théorie cinétique des gaz (thesis), Masson et Cie, p 128

  • Sumner DM, Sigua GC (2005) Simple model of wet atmospheric deposition of chloride at a near-coastal site in Florida, Florida Scientist Vol. 68, No. 4 (Fall, 2005), pp 236–246 (11 pages) Published By: Florida Academy of Sciences, Inc. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24322276. Accessed 20 Nov 2020

  • Suzuki K, Robertson IN (2011) Atmospheric chloride deposition rate for corrosion prediction on Oahu. Research Report UHM/CEE/11-02

  • Watson A, Eilers A, Millers JA (2020) Recharge estimation using CMB and environmental isotopes in the verlorenvlei estuarine system, South Africa and Implications for Groundwater Sustainability in a Semi-Arid Agricultural Region. Water 12(5):1362. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051362 (Accessed 18 June 2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White PJ, Broadley MR (2001) Chloride in soils and its uptake and movement within the plant, pp.967–988, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1540, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24322276

  • Ye C, Glotch TD (2019) Spectral properties of chloride salt-bearing assemblages: Implications for detection limits of minor phases in chloride-bearing deposits on Mars. J Geophys Res Planets 124:209–222. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005859

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Territory Planning, Laboratory of Geo-Environment, University of Sciences and Technology Houari-Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    Malika Bentchakal, Salah-Eddine Ali-Rahmani & Brahim Chibane

Authors
  1. Malika Bentchakal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Salah-Eddine Ali-Rahmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Brahim Chibane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Malika Bentchakal.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bentchakal, M., Ali-Rahmani, SE. & Chibane, B. Estimation of atmospheric chloride deposition using new model based on the theory of perfect gases. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 8, 4593–4602 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01477-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01477-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation