Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate fluvial Landform characteristics and background causes of dynamic changes at Madhumati River Basin and to evaluate the impact of morphodynamics on the hydrology, agriculture systems, and ecosystems services and people livelihoods. To accomplish the research goal, the present study considered to evaluate bank line shifting, course change direction, change of channel patterns, change in channel width, rate of erosion, accretion and sedimentation, fluvial and floodplain landforms transformation, as well as hydrological dynamics. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal scale of morphological change were linked with drivers. For understanding the complex morphological process and response of the river, reliable historical time-series satellite images, and hydrological data were analyzed; as well as taking expert judgment and local knowledge into account. GIS and remote sensing (RS) tools, techniques and models were applied to process, analyze, and extract fluvial parameters from multitemporal Landsat satellite imagery. The results of the study demonstrate that erosion, accretion and historical migrated area significantly increased during the flooding period of 1988 and 1998 and that these hydromorphological hazards badly impacted on flood plain resources, agricultural systems, aquatic, and terrestrial biodiversity. Also, human interference, such as bridge construction and business purpose dredging badly impacted on the hydromorphological characteristics of this river. The results also reveal that Madhumati River had very low sinuosity in the time span 1973–2020. Gradually, the sinuosity value of this river is increasing over time. Sinuosity values of this river ranged between 0.98 (1973) and 1.11 (2020) with an average value 1.04 designating straight to sinuous nature. The scope of this research will suggest possible morphological adjustment for future management strategies of climate change, fluvial disasters, and develop resilience capability to the rural community.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed N, Mahmud S, Elahi ML, Ahmed S, Sujauddin M (2019) Forecasting river sediment deposition through satellite image driven unsupervised machine learning techniques. Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ 13:435–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2018.12.011
Alam M (1996) Subsidence of the Ganges—Brahmaputra Delta of Bangladesh and associated drainage, sedimentation and salinity problems. In: Sea-level rise and coastal subsidence. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 169–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8719-8_9
All-Hossain MQ (2009) Study on lowcost river training in a meander bend along the Madhumati River. Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka
Ashworth PJ, Best JL, Roden JE, Bristow CS, Klaassen GJ (2000) Morphological evolution and dynamics of a large, sand braid-bar, Jamuna River, Bangladesh. Sedimentology 47(3):533–555. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00305.x
Baki ABM, Gan TY (2012) Riverbank migration and island dynamics of the braided Jamuna River of the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin using multi-temporal Landsat images. Quat Int 263:148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.03.016
Bandyopadhyay J, Ghosh N (2016) Hydro-political dynamics and environmental security in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin. Soc Sci 24:1–25
Bhuiyan MJAN, Dutta D (2012) Assessing impacts of sea level rise on river salinity in the Gorai river network, Bangladesh. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 96:219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.11.005
Bhuiyan MA, Kumamoto T, Suzuki S (2015) Application of remote sensing and GIS for evaluation of the recent morphological characteristics of the lower Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, Bangladesh. Earth Sci Inform 8(3):551–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-014-0180-4
Biswas NB, Ahammad BM (2014) Application of CCHE2D mathematical model in the Gorai Offtake for two-dimensional simulation. Int J Surf Groundw Manag 1(1):52–58
Biswas RN, Mia MJ, Islam MN (2018) Predictive dynamics of channel pattern changing trends at Arial Khan River (1977–2018), Bangladesh. Am J Geosci 8:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajgsp.2018.1.13
Bomer EJ, Wilson CA, Datta DK (2019) An integrated approach for constraining depositional zones in a tide-influenced river: insights from the Gorai River, Southwest Bangladesh. Water 11(10):2047
Brice JC (1964) Channel patterns and terraces of the Loup Rivers in Nebraska. US Government Printing Office. Geological Survey Professional Papers 422-D, pp 1–41
Bristow CS (1987) Brahmaputra River: channel migration and deposition. In: Ethridge FG, Flores RM, Harvey MD (eds) Recent development in fluvial sedimentology, Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 39, pp 63–74
Broers HP, Peters SWM, Biesheuvel A (1990) Design of a groundwater quality monitoring network with GIS and remote sensing. In: Proceedings of the first European conference on geographic information systems, EGIS, vol 90, pp 95–106
Browne TJ (1995) The role of geographical information systems in hydrology. In: Sediment and water quality in river catchments, pp 33–48
Byrne GF, Crapper PF, Mayo KK (1980) Monitoring land-cover change by principal component analysis of multitemporal Landsat data. Remote Sens Environ 10(3):175–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(80)90021-8
Coleman JM (1969) Brahmaputra River: channel processes and sedimentation. Sediment Geol 3(2–3):129–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(69)90010-4
Congalton RG, Green K (2002) Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Debnath J, Pan ND, Ahmed I, Bhowmik M (2017) Channel migration and its impact on land use/land cover using RS and GIS: a study on Khowai River of Tripura, North-East India. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 20(2):197–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.01.009
Dépret T, Gautier E, Hooke J, Grancher D, Virmoux C, Brunstein D (2017) Causes of planform stability of a low-energy meandering gravel-bed river (Cher River, France). Geomorphology 285:58–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.035
Dewan A, Corner R, Saleem A, Rahman MM, Haider MR, Rahman MM, Sarker MH (2017) Assessing channel changes of the Ganges-Padma River system in Bangladesh using Landsat and hydrological data. Geomorphology 276:257–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.017
Dimobe K, Ouédraogo A, Soma S, Goetze D, Porembski S, Thiombiano A (2015) Identification of driving factors of land degradation and deforestation in the Wildlife Reserve of Bontioli (Burkina Faso, West Africa). Glob Ecol Conserv 4:559–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.10.006
Dixon SJ, Smith GHS, Best JL, Nicholas AP, Bull JM, Vardy ME, Sarker MH, Goodbred S (2018) The planform mobility of river channel confluences: Insights from analysis of remotely sensed imagery. Earth Sci Rev 176:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.009
Eastman JR (2003) IDRISI Kilimanjaro: guide to GIS and image processing
EGIS (2000) Environmental Baseline of Gorai River Restoration Project, EGIS-II. Bangladesh Water Development Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Bangladesh, Delft, p 150
Fan F, Wang Y, Wang Z (2008) Temporal and spatial change detecting (1998–2003) and predicting of land use and land cover in Core corridor of Pearl River Delta (China) by using TM and ETM+ images. Environ Monit Assess 137(1–3):127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9734-y
Gerard F, Petit S, Smith G, Thomson A, Brown N, Manchester S, Wadsworth R, Bugar G, Halada L, Bezak P, Boltiziar M (2010) Land cover change in Europe between 1950 and 2000 determined employing aerial photography. Prog Phys Geogr 34(2):183–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133309360141
Gidey E, Dikinya O, Sebego R, Segosebe E, Zenebe A (2017) Modeling the Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use and land cover (1984–2015) using remote sensing and GIS in Raya, Northern Ethiopia. Model Earth Syst Environ 3(4):1285–1301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0375-z
Gogoi C, Goswami DC (2013) A study on bank erosion and bank line migration pattern of the Subansiri River in Assam using remote sensing and GIS technology. Int J Eng Sci 2(9):1–6
Gordon SI (1980) Utilizing Landsat imagery to monitor land-use change: a case study in Ohio. Remote Sens Environ 9(3):189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(80)90028-0
Goswami U, Sarma JN, Patgiri AD (1999) River channel changes of the Subansiri in Assam, India. Geomorphology 30(3):227–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00032-X
Haque MI, Basak R (2017) Land cover change detection using GIS and remote sensing techniques: a spatio-temporal study on Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj, Bangladesh. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 20(2):251–263
Hasan MI, Rahman MM, Ahsan M, Haque M (2015) Meandering bend development process in Gorai Modhumati River. In: 5th international conference on water & flood management (ICWFM-2015)
Hassan A, Martin TC, Mosselman E (1999) Island topography mapping for the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River using remote sensing and GIS. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 163(1):153–161. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.13
Hassan MA, Ratna SJ, Hassan M, Tamanna S (2017) Remote sensing and GIS for the spatio-temporal change analysis of the east and the west river bank erosion and accretion of Jamuna River (1995–2015), Bangladesh. J Geosci Environ Prot 5(09):79. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.59006
Hazarika N, Das AK, Borah SB (2015) Assessing land-use changes driven by river dynamics in chronically flood affected Upper Brahmaputra plains, India, using RS-GIS techniques. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 18(1):107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.02.001
Hossain MM, Chowdhury RM (2012) Hydro-morphological study for rehabilitation of Old Madhumati River sing Mathematical model. J Eng Sci 3(1):1–12
Hossain MA, Gan TY, Baki ABM (2013) Assessing morphological changes of the Ganges River using satellite images. Quat Int 304:142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.028
Hua AK, Ping OW (2018) The influence of land-use/land-cover changes on land surface temperature: a case study of Kuala Lumpur metropolitan city. Eur J Remote Sens 51(1):1049–1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2018.1542976
Iqbal MF, Khan IA (2014) Spatiotemporal land use land cover change analysis and erosion risk mapping of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 17(2):209–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2014.09.004
Islam MM (1996) A study on the morphological characteristics of the Madhumati River. Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka
Islam MN (2000) Braiding and channel morphodynamics: the Brahmaputra-Jamuna river, Bangladesh. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hull
Islam SN (2010) Char-lands erosion, livelihoods and cyclic displacement of people in Ganges-Padma River Basin in Bangladesh. Asia-Pac J Rural Dev 20(1):151–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1018529120100110
Islam ARMT (2016) Assessment of fluvial channel dynamics of Padma River in Northwestern Bangladesh. Univ J Geosci 4(2):41–49
Islam SN, Gnauck A (2011) Water shortage in the Gorai river basin and damage of mangrove wetland ecosystems in Sundarbans, Bangladesh. In: 3rd international conference on water & food management (ICWFM-2011), Dhaka, pp 8–10
Islam A, Guchhait SK (2017) Analysing the influence of Farakka Barrage Project on channel dynamics and meander geometry of Bhagirathi river of West Bengal, India. Arab J Geosci 10(11):245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3004-2
Islam R, Islam MN, Islam MN (2017) Impacts of Bangabandhu Jamuna multi-purpose bridge on the dynamics of bar morphology at the Jamuna River in Bangladesh. Model Earth Syst Environ 3(3):903–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0342-8
Islam MN, Biswas RN, Shanta SR, Islam R, Jakariya M (2019) Morphological Dynamics of the Jamuna River in Kazipur Subdistrict. Earth Syst Environ 3(1):73–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-018-0078-2
Islam M, Rahman S, Kabir A, Islam N, Chowdhury RM (2019) Predictive assessment on landscape and coastal erosion of Bangladesh using geospatial techniques. Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2019.100277
Jensen JR (1996) Introductory digital image processing: a remote sensing perspective, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Hoboken
Khan NI, Islam A (2003) Quantification of erosion patterns in the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River using geographical information system and remote sensing techniques. Hydrol Process 17(5):959–966. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1173
Khanam M, Navera UK (2016) Hydrodynamics and morphological analysis of Gorai River using Delft3D mathematical model. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on civil engineering for sustainable development (ICCESD 2016), 12–14 February 2016, KUET, Khulna
Kotoky P, Bezbaruah D, Baruah J, Sarma JN (2005) Nature of bank erosion along the Brahmaputra river channel, Assam, India. Current Sci 88(4):634–640
Kummu M, Lu XX, Rasphone A, Sarkkula J, Koponen J (2008) Riverbank changes along the Mekong River: remote sensing detection in the Vientiane-Nong Khai area. Quat Int 186(1):100–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.015
Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1):159–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
Langat PK, Kumar L, Koech R (2019) Monitoring river channel dynamics using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Geomorphology 325:92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.10.007
Leopold LB, Wolman MG (1957) River channel patterns: braided, meandering, and straight. US Government Printing Office
Leopold LB, Wolman MG (1960) River meanders. Geol Soc Am Bull 71(6):769–793. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[769:RM]2.0.CO;2
Leopold LB, Wolman MG, Miller JP (1964) Fluvial processes in geomorphology. WH Freeman and Co., San Francisco
Leopold LB, Wolman MG, Miller JP (1995) Fluvial processes in geomorphology. Courier Corporation, San Francisco
Lewin J, Ashworth PJ (2014) Defining large river channel patterns: alluvial exchange and plurality. Geomorphology 215:83–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.024
Lillesand T, Kiefer RW, Chipman J (2015) Remote sensing and image interpretation. Wiley, Hoboken
Lodwick GD (1979) Measuring ecological changes in multitemporal Landsat data using principal components. In: 13th international symposium on remote sensing of environment, Ann Arbor, pp 1131–1141
Majumdar S, Pan N (2014) Spatio-temporal shift of right bank of the Gumti River, Amarpur town, Tripura and its impact. In: Singh M, Singh R, Hassan M (eds) Landscape ecology and water management. Advances in geographical and environmental sciences. Springer, Tokyo, pp 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54871-3_16
Marcus WA, Fonstad MA (2010) Remote sensing of rivers: the emergence of a subdiscipline in the river sciences. Earth Surf Proc Land 35(15):1867–1872. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2094
Maurya SP, Yadav AK (2016) Evaluation of course change detection of Ramganga river using remote sensing and GIS, India. Weather Climate Extremes 13:68–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2016.08.001
McFeeters SK (1996) The use of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features. Int J Remote Sens 17(7):1425–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948714
Mehzabin S (2015) Trend analysis of variables and modeling of flow and salinity of the Gorai River using 1D HEC-RAS model. Doctoral dissertation, BSc thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482346.038.
Midha N, Mathur PK (2014) Channel characteristics and planform dynamics in the Indian Terai, Sharda River. Environ Manage 53(1):120–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0196-4
Mirza MMQ (1997) Hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Hydrol Sci J 42(5):613–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669709492062
Morisawa M (ed) (1985) Rivers: form and process, 3rd edn. Longman, London, New York, p 222
Mosammam HM, Nia JT, Khani H, Teymouri A, Kazemi M (2017) Monitoring land use change and measuring urban sprawl based on its spatial forms: the case of Qom city. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 20(1):103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2016.08.002
Mount NJ, Tate NJ, Sarker MH, Thorne CR (2013) Evolutionary, multi-scale analysis of river bank line retreat using continuous wavelet transforms: Jamuna River, Bangladesh. Geomorphology 183:82–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.07.017
Murthy KSR, Rao VV (1997) Temporal studies of land use/land cover in Varaha River Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 25(3):145–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03024215
Nanson GC, Hickin EJ (1986) A statistical analysis of bank erosion and channel migration in western Canada. Geol Soc Am Bull 97(4):497–504. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3c497:ASAOBE%3e2.0.CO;2
Nath B, Naznin SN, Alak P (2013) Trends analysis of river bank erosion at Chandpur, Bangladesh: a remote sensing and GIS approach. Int J Geomat Geosci 3(3):454
Nawfee SM, Dewan A, Rashid T (2018) Integrating subsurface stratigraphic records with satellite images to investigate channel change and bar evolution: a case study of the Padma River, Bangladesh. Environ Earth Sci 77(3):89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7264-2
Noori AM, Pradhan B, Ajaj QM (2019) Dam site suitability assessment at the Greater Zab River in northern Iraq using remote sensing data and GIS. J Hydrol 574:964–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.001
Pal S, Ziaul SK (2017) Detection of land use and land cover change and land surface temperature in English Bazar urban centre. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 20(1):125–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2016.11.003
Pan S (2013) Application of remote sensing and GIS in studying changing river course in Bankura District, West Bengal. Int J Geomat Geosci 4(1):149
Peng J, Wu J, Yin H, Li Z, Chang Q, Mu T (2008) Rural land use change during 1986–2002 in Lijiang, China, based on remote sensing and GIS data. Sensors 8(12):8201–8223. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8128201
Rahman MM, Rahaman MM (2018) Impacts of Farakka barrage on hydrological flow of Ganges river and environment in Bangladesh. Sustain Water Resour Manag 4(4):767–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0163-y
Rahman A, Yunus A (2016) Hydrodynamic and morphological response to dredging: analysis on Gorai River of Bangladesh. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 2(8):1510–1518
Riordan CJ (1980) Non-urban to urban land cover change detection using Landsat data. Summary Report of the Colorado Agricultural Research Experiment Station, Fort Collins
Roberts G, France M, Johnson RC, Law JT (1993) The analysis of remotely sensed images of the Balquhidder catchments for estimation of percentages of land cover types. J Hydrol 145(3–4):259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90058-H
Sarker MH (2004) Impact of upstream human interventions on the morphology of the Ganges-Gorai system. In: The Ganges water diversion: environmental effects and implications. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 49–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2792-5_4.
Sarker MH, Thorne CR (2006) Morphological response of the Brahmaputra–Padma–Lower Meghna river system to the Assam earthquake of 1950. In: Braided rivers: process, deposits, ecology and management, vol 36. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp 289–310
Sarker MH, Huque I, Alam M, Koudstaal R (2003) Rivers, chars and char dwellers of Bangladesh. Int J River Basin Manag 1(1):61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2003.9635193
Sarker MH, Thorne CR, Aktar MN, Ferdous MR (2014) Morpho-dynamics of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, Bangladesh. Geomorphology 215:45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.025
Schumm SA (1963) Sinuosity of alluvial rivers on the Great Plains. Geol Soc Am Bull 74(9):1089–1100. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[1089:SOAROT]2.0.CO;2
Schumm SA (1969) River metamorphosis. J Hydraul Div 95(1):255–274
Schumm SA (1977) The fluvial system. Wiley, New York, p 337
Shamsuddoha M, Chowdhury RK (2007) Climate change impact and disaster vulnerabilities in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. COAST Trust, Dhaka
Sarma JN (2005) Fluvial process and morphology of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India. Geomorphology, 70(3–4):226–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.02.007
Singh A (1989) Review article digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data. Int J Remote Sens 10(6):989–1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903939
Sun Z, Ma R, Wang Y (2009) Using Landsat data to determine land use changes in Datong basin. China. Environ Geol 57(8):1825–1837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1470-2
Sun Q, Wu Z, Tan J (2012) The relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover in Guangzhou, China. Environ Earth Sci 65(6):1687–1694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1145-2
Takagi T, Oguchi T, Matsumoto J, Grossman MJ, Sarker MH, Matin MA (2007) Channel braiding and stability of the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh, since 1967: GIS and remote sensing analyses. Geomorphology 85(3–4):294–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.028
Thakur PK, Laha C, Aggarwal SP (2012) River bank erosion hazard study of river Ganga, upstream of Farakka barrage using remote sensing and GIS. Nat Hazards 61(3):967–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9944-z
Toll DL, Royal JA, Davis JB (1981) Urban area update procedures using Landsat data
Townshend JR, Goff TE, Tucker CJ (1985) Multitemporal dimensionality of images of normalized difference vegetation index at continental scales. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 6:888–895. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1985.289474
Weng Q (2002) Land use change analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China using satellite remote sensing, GIS and stochastic modelling. J Environ Manage 64(3):273–284
Yang X, Damen MC, Van Zuidam RA (1999) Satellite remote sensing and GIS for the analysis of channel migration changes in the active Yellow River Delta, China. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 1(2):146–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-2434(99)85007-7
Yeasmin A, Islam MN (2011) Changing trends of channel pattern of the Ganges-Padma river. Int J Geomat Geosci 2(2):669–675
Youdeowei PO (1997) Bank collapse and erosion at the upper reaches of the Ekole creek in the Niger delta area of Nigeria. Bull Eng Geol Environ 55(1):167–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02635419
Yuan F, Sawaya KE, Loeffelholz BC, Bauer ME (2005) Land cover classification and change analysis of the Twin Cities (Minnesota) Metropolitan Area by multitemporal Landsat remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ 98(2–3):317–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.006
Yusuf YA, Pradhan B, Idrees MO (2014) Spatio-temporal assessment of urban heat island effects in Kuala Lumpur metropolitan city using landsat images. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 42(4):829–837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-013-0342-8
Zhang F, Tiyip T, Kung H, Johnson VC, Maimaitiyiming M, Zhou M, Wang J (2016) Dynamics of land surface temperature (LST) in response to land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Weigan and Kuqa river oasis, Xinjiang, China. Arab J Geosci 9(7):499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2521-8
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biswas, R.N., Islam, M.N., Islam, M.N. et al. Modeling on approximation of fluvial landform change impact on morphodynamics at Madhumati River Basin in Bangladesh. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 7, 71–93 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00989-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00989-2