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A Case Study of Optimization of a Solar Power Plant Sizing and Placement in Madhya Pradesh, India Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

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Abstract

Increase of greenhouse gases and pollution of environment due to use of conventional sources of energy has made the world aware of the need to increase the use of renewable energy sources like solar power, wind power and hydropower. The scope of the solar power is vast and proper optimization of solar power plants can fulfill varying load demands. This paper studies an optimization technique for such a purpose. Estimation of ideal solar power plant sizes is done for fulfilling the load requirements of selected four districts of Madhya Pradesh, a state in the central part of India. The districts are chosen on the basis of solar irradiance and land availability. In this paper, installation of solar power plants of required sizes is recommended at each district to meet their power demands locally as well as to supply the nearby districts when needed. This will reduce the reliance on grid for energy supply and help in making the system more decentralized and distributed. It also reduces significantly the losses incurred during transmission and distribution. This paper presents the problem of power plant size estimation as a multi objective optimization problem. The first objective is to minimize the gap between power demand and generation in each district on a monthly basis. The second objective minimizes the cost of each unit of electricity generated. The third objective deals with minimizing the transmission and distribution losses on supplying power from one district to another. The genetic algorithm is used for solving this multi objective problem. The selected plant installation sites have the minimum capacity utilization factor of 18%. The simulation of the proposed optimization technique shows that the plant size obtained by the algorithm closely follows the objectives set.

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Abbreviations

GHI:

Global horizontal irradiance

DNI:

Direct normal irradiance

DHI:

Diffusive horizontal irradiance

CUF:

Capacity utilization factor

MNRE:

Ministry of new and renewable energy

NREL:

National renewable energy laboratory

\(U_{total}\) :

Total electrical units (kWh)

\(S\) :

Maximum generation capacity of the plant

\(T_{b}\) :

Breakeven duration in years

\(C_{inst}\) :

Plant installation cost

\(C_{O\& M}\) :

Plant operation and maintenance cost

\({\text{R}}_{{{\text{year}}}}\) :

Revenue generated yearly

\({\text{C}}_{{{\text{unit}}}}\) :

Cost of the electrical unit

\({\text{C}}_{{{\text{total}}}}\) :

Plants total cost

\(L_{trans}^{i,j}\) :

Transmission loss

\(d_{i,j}\) :

Distance between the nodes \(i\) and \(j\)

\(P_{i,j}\) :

Power transmitted between the nodes \(i\) and \(j\)

\(L_{dist}^{i,j}\) :

Distribution loss between the nodes \(i\) and \(j\)

\(F_{i,j}\) :

Distribution loss factor between the nodes \(i\) and \(j\)

\(N\) :

Number of districts groups

\(D_{j}^{i}\) :

Demand from \(ith\) district for \(jth\) month

\(G_{j}^{i}\) :

Power generated during \(jth\) month from the plant of \(ith\)

\(U_{i}\) :

Unit cost of electricity generated by \(ith\) plant

\(DGP_{j}^{i}\) :

Demand from \(ith\) district group for \(jth\) month

\(GGP_{j}^{i}\) :

Power generated during \(jth\) month from the plants of \(ith\)

\(TU_{i}\) :

Electrical units transmitted between the \(ith\) district group

\(DL\) :

Distribution losses

\(dist_{i}\) :

Distance between the plants of \(ith\) district group

\(fun_{TL}\) :

Transmission losses estimation function based on \(TU_{i}\) and \(dist_{i}\)

\({\text{CUF}}_{{\text{i}}}^{{{\text{monthly}}}}\) :

Derived monthly average CUF of \({\text{ith}}\) month

\({\text{CUF}}^{{{\text{yearly}}}}\) :

Annual average CUF

\({\text{GHI}}_{{\text{i}}}^{{{\text{monthly}}}}\) :

Monthly averaged GHI for \({\text{ith}}\) month

\({\text{GHI}}^{{{\text{yearly}}}}\) :

Yearly average GHI calculated from \({\text{GHI}}_{{\text{i}}}^{{{\text{monthly}}}}\)

INR:

Indian rupees

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai, India

    Manoj Verma & Harish Kumar Ghritlahre

  2. MP Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd., Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Surendra Bajpai

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  1. Manoj Verma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manoj Verma.

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Funding

The authors do not receive any form of financial support from any organization and individuals.

Data Availability

All the data and codes used in this study, as well as, the supplementary material can be made available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

Conflict of interest

No conflict of interest declared by authors.

Authors’ contributions

Manoj Verma: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing- Original draft preparation, Investigation, Supervision, Software, Reviewing.

Harish Kumar Ghritlahre: Writing and editing.

Surendra Bajpai: Data curation, Validation, Resources.

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Verma, M., Ghritlahre, H.K. & Bajpai, S. A Case Study of Optimization of a Solar Power Plant Sizing and Placement in Madhya Pradesh, India Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. Ann. Data. Sci. 10, 933–966 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40745-021-00334-z

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