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Behavioral Economic Predictors of Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behavior in College Drinkers

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Abstract

Heavy alcohol use among college students is a major public health concern. Alcohol use commonly occurs with sexual risk behaviors, but etiology remains unclear. Behavioral economics has yielded insights into decision-making processes underlying problematic health choices, including alcohol use and sexual risk behavior. In particular, the reinforcer pathologies framework has integrated behavioral economic demand and delay discounting to improve our understanding of addiction, but has yet to be extended to the study of sexual risk. In order to account for past sexual risk behavior and alcohol consumption, the current study examined college students’ demand for alcohol, money delay discounting, alcohol delay discounting, and sexual partners delay and probability discounting. Results revealed that behavioral economic variables (i.e., demand intensity, sexual partners delay discounting, alcohol delay discounting, and money delay discounting) were significant predictors of sexual risk and alcohol consumption levels. Additionally, consistent with the reinforcer pathologies model, an inability to delay sexual gratification (sexual delay discounting) and overvaluation of alcohol (demand intensity) interacted to account for significant variance in alcohol consumption and sexual risk. These findings highlight the importance of considering both sexual and alcohol decision making in research and intervention with college students.

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Notes

  1. Inconsistencies on the sex discounting task were defined as datasets in which 1) any indifference point parameter was greater than 20% of the previous parameter or 2) there was an increase from the first to the last parameter.

  2. Inconsistencies on the alcohol discounting task were defined as datasets whose overall consistency score was lower than 75% (see Methods; Kaplan et al., 2016; Kaplan, Lemley, Reed, & Jarmolowicz, 2014).

  3. For the purposes of curve fitting, all indifference points were reverse scored, and the A parameter was constrained to 16 (i.e., reverse-scored ranking of most-preferred partner). For clarity, axes were then relabeled to reflect the partner rankings.

  4. Relatively few students reported risky anal sexual acts in the past six months, so no regression model was developed for this subscale.

  5. A Bonferroni correction revealed a new significance value of p < .004, and this resulted in no change in significance for any comparison.

  6. A Bonferroni correction resulted in a new significance value of p < .01 for the sexual risk regression models. With these corrected significance levels, only two subscales are significant: the impulsive sexual behaviors subscale and the intent to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Uncorrected data are presented in the regression tables to show the predictive power of these variables on each scale alone.

  7. A Bonferroni correction resulted in a new significance value of p < .025 for the alcohol consumption models, which did not change any results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, 4050 Dole Developmental Center, 1000 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA

    Shea M. Lemley, William A. Fleming III & David P. Jarmolowicz

  2. Problem Gambling Research and Education Support System, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA

    David P. Jarmolowicz

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  1. Shea M. Lemley
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  3. David P. Jarmolowicz
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Correspondence to David P. Jarmolowicz.

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The present project was conducted in accords the with a researcher protocol approved by the Human Subjects Committee, Lawrence, the Institutional Review Board for the University of Kansas.

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The present study was funded by a Strategic Initiative Grant from the University of Kansas Research Investment Council (INS0075092) to DPJ.

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None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.

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Lemley, S.M., Fleming, W.A. & Jarmolowicz, D.P. Behavioral Economic Predictors of Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behavior in College Drinkers. Psychol Rec 67, 197–211 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-017-0239-y

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