References
Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Brzoza Z, Canonica GW, et al. The EAACI/GA(2) LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria: the 2013 revision and update. Allergy. 2014;69:868–87.
Magerl M, Altrichter S, Borzova E, Gimenez-Arnau A, Grattan CE, Lawlor F, et al. The definition, diagnostic testing and management of chronic inducible urticarias – update and revision of the EAACI/GALEN/EDF/UNEV consensus recommendations 2016 update and revision. Allergy. 2016;71:780–802.
Wieczorek D, Langhorst J, Kapp A, Wedi B. Urticaria. Sometimes IgE-mediated? Hautarzt. 2013;64:644–9.
Mathelier-Fusade P. Drug-induced urticarias. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2006;30:19–23.
Kolkhir P, Balakirski G, Merk HF, Olisova O, Maurer M. Chronic spontaneous urticaria and internal parasites – a systematic review. Allergy. 2016;71:308–22.
Kayser FH, Böttger EC, Deplazes P, Haller O, Roers A. Taschenlehrbuch Medizinische Mikrobiologie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2014.
Darai G, Handermann M, Sonntag H‑G, Zöller L. Lexikon der Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen: Erreger, Symptome, Diagnose, Therapie und Prophylaxe. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2012.
Rack J, Adusu E, Jelinek T. Human infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2004;129:2538–40.
Jain S. Pathogenesis of chronic urticaria: an overview. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:674709.
Mehlhorn H. (editor) Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer; 2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
C. Blatner, E.M. Oppel, A. Wieser, T. Herzinger and F. Ruëff declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blatner, C., Oppel, E.M., Wieser, A. et al. The small liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum): an unusual clinical finding in chronic urticaria. Allergo J Int 26, 165–167 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-017-0021-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-017-0021-3