Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate methods to visualize and measure the fetal optic chiasma (OC) using transabdominal and/or transvaginal two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound in the coronal plane. The role of analyzing optic chiasma cannot be down scaled in prognosticating septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and agenesis of septum pellucidum. This is a retrospective study of 117 random cases referred for various indications. The gestational age of the fetuses included in the study was between 19 and 37 weeks. The OC was visualized and measured in the 2D coronal plane with color Doppler by transabdominal and/or transvaginal routes. There were 97 normal low risk cases and 19 abnormal cases in the study. We conclude that it is possible to locate and measure OC width by transabdominal and transvaginal scans from 19 week onwards. It is possible to get equally good views by both, transabdominal and transvaginal routes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rizzo J. Embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the afferent visual pathway. In: Miller N, Newman N, editors. Clinical Neuroophthalmology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkin: Maryland; 2005. p. 34–42.
Lepinard C, Coutant R, Boussion F, Loisel D, Delorme B, Biquard F, Bonneau D, Guichet A, Descamps P. Prenatal diagnosis of absence of the septum pellucidum associated with septo-optic dysplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25:73–5.
Damaj L, Bruneay B, Ferry M, Moutard ML, Garel C, Odent S, Adamsbaum C, Avni F, Treguier C, Lazaro L. Pediatric outcome of children with prenatal diagnosis of isolated septal agenesis. Prenat Diagn. 2010;30:1143–50.
Bault J, Salomon LJ, Guibaud L, Achiron R. Role of three-dimensional ultrasound measurement of the optic tract in fetuses with agenesis of the septum pellucidum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37:570–5.
Wagner A, Murtagh F, Hazlett K, Arrington J. Measurement of the normal optic chiasm on coronal MR images. Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18:723–6.
Severino M, Allegri AE, Pistorio A, Roviglione B, Di Iorgi N, Maghnie M, Rossi A. Midbrain–hindbrain involvement in septo–optic dysplasia. Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35:1586–92.
Birkebaek N, Patel L, Wright N, Grigg J, Sinha S, Hall M, Price D, Lloyd I, Clayton P. Optic nerve size evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in children with optic nerve hypoplasia, multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, isolated growth hormone deficiency, and idiopathic short stature. J Pediatr. 2004;145:536–41.
Barkovich J, Fram E, Norman D. Septo-optic dysplasia: MR imaging. Radiology. 1989;171:189–92.
Parravano J, Toledo A, Kucharczyk W. Dimensions of the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts: MR quantitative comparison between patients with optic atrophy and normals. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1993;17:688–90.
Vinals F, Ruiz P, Correa F, Gonc P, Pereira A. TWO-dimensional visualization and measurement of the fetal optic chiasm: improving counseling for antenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the septum pellucidum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48:733–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Desai, P., Deshpande, S.M., Chauhan, K. et al. Two Dimensional Visualization of Optic Chiasma in Fetus. J. Fetal Med. 6, 63–67 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40556-019-00206-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40556-019-00206-w