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Functional status improves in hypertensive older adults: the long-term effects of antihypertensive therapy combined with multicomponent exercise intervention

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Abstract

Background

The increasing prevalence of functionally-limited hypertensive individuals highlights the need for interventions to reduce the burden of hypertension-aging-disability and to maximize the chances of healthy aging.

Aim

This study aims to compare the effects of multicomponent exercise and different pharmacological treatments on functional status and cardiovascular risk outcomes in hypertensive older adults with comorbidities.

Methods

Participants (n = 96) engage in a 3 days/week multicomponent (aerobic + resistance) exercise program and for one of the following three conditions: (1) thiazide-related diuretics (TDs; n = 33, 69.9 ± 9.5 years); (2) calcium channel blockers (CCBs; n = 23, 67.0 ± 9.0 years); (3) and β-blockers (βBs; n = 40, 65.6 ± 7.2 years) medication. Baseline and 2-year follow-up evaluations included the Senior Fitness Test battery, anthropometrics and hemodynamic profile, health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form Health Survey 36) and health history questionnaires.

Results

All groups have significantly improved the physical functional status; particularly upper and lower body strength and aerobic endurance and systolic blood pressure. The TDs and βBs groups have diminished the waist circumference and body mass. The CCBs decreased total cholesterol (P = 0.028), perceived better physical functioning, physical component score but also augmented bodily pain (P < 0.05). The βB group decreased triglycerides (P = 0.013). No group differences were found.

Conclusion

Multicomponent exercise training has improved functional status regardless of the antihypertensive medication options. Hypertensive older adults should add exercise training to pharmacological antihypertensive therapy to reduce the rate of physical disability.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all medical interns of Santa Maria da Feira for their technical support, especially to Doctor Nunes Sousa and Macedo Coelho; to Santa Maria da Feira Council with a special greeting to Social Division, to Dra. Manuela Coelho and Francisco Rocha for the disposable and availability to the study prosecution in the community exercise program “Movimento e bem-estar”; to all physical education professionals in the exercise program, and finally, we also thank to all participants who gave literally their physical and mental contributions.

Funding

This study was funded by a Portuguese grant from Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (SFRH/BD/90221/2012).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Pavilhão 3, 3000, Coimbra, Portugal

    Liliana C. Baptista, João Valente-dos-Santos, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues & Raul A. Martins

  2. Departamento de Ciências do Desporto, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

    André Pinto Amorim

  3. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Manuel Teixeira Veríssimo

  4. Fundação Portuguesa para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/100470/2014), Lisboa, Portugal

    João Valente-dos-Santos

  5. Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Valente-dos-Santos

  6. Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal

    João Valente-dos-Santos

Authors
  1. Liliana C. Baptista
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  2. André Pinto Amorim
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  3. João Valente-dos-Santos
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  4. Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
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  5. Manuel Teixeira Veríssimo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liliana C. Baptista.

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Conflict of interest

No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article are declared.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Baptista, L.C., Amorim, A.P., Valente-dos-Santos, J. et al. Functional status improves in hypertensive older adults: the long-term effects of antihypertensive therapy combined with multicomponent exercise intervention. Aging Clin Exp Res 30, 1483–1495 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-0925-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-0925-x

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