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Modeling and Optimization Methods for Controlling and Sizing Grid-Connected Energy Storage: A Review

  • Energy Storage (M Kintner-Meyer, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Energy storage is capable of providing a variety of services and solving a multitude of issues in today’s rapidly evolving electric power grid. This paper reviews recent research on modeling and optimization for optimally controlling and sizing grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Open issues and promising research directions are discussed.

Recent Findings

Recent studies on BESS dispatch, evaluation, and sizing focus on advanced modeling and optimization methods to maximize stacked value streams from multiple services. BESS models have been improved to better represent operational characteristics or capture degradation effects. Different solution methods and optimization techniques have been proposed to improve the benefits and cost-effectiveness of BESSs, using deterministic approaches prevalently but with impressive progress in modeling and addressing uncertainties.

Summary

Recent progress in BESS scheduling and sizing better supports planning and operational decision-making in different use cases, which is highly important to advance the deployment of BESSs. Additional research is required to properly model the trade-off between short-term benefits and service life with multiple degradation effects explicitly considered in the decision-making process. Advanced methods are to be developed for effectively determining optimal BESS sizes that maximize overall benefits within a varying lifetime considering diversified system conditions, as well as uncertainties at planning and operational stages.

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Funding

We are grateful to Imre Gyuk, who is the Director of Energy Storage Research in the Office of Electricity at the U.S. Department of Energy, for providing financial support and leadership on this and other related work at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

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  1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Di Wu & Xu Ma

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This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Electricity through the Energy Storage program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.

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Wu, D., Ma, X. Modeling and Optimization Methods for Controlling and Sizing Grid-Connected Energy Storage: A Review. Curr Sustainable Renewable Energy Rep 8, 123–130 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40518-021-00181-9

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