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Intervention of Internet Addiction and Smartphone Addiction: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

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Abstract

Purposeof Review

The prevalence of internet addiction and smartphone addiction has become a widespread global concern. Many studies have evaluated the impact of different interventions on these conditions; however, there is still a lack of integration of higher-level evidence. This review aims to assess the current evidence base of systematic reviews on the impact of different interventions on internet and smartphone addiction.

Recent Findings

A total of 33 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included in this review. The interventions were categorized into six main categories: psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, sports interventions, internet-based interventions, other types of interventions, and multicomponent interventions. Our analysis revealed that psychotherapy, sports interventions, and multicomponent interventions demonstrated substantial evidence of effectiveness in reducing internet addiction levels. Pharmacotherapy, other types of interventions, and internet-based interventions also showed promising results, but the evidence was inconsistent or limited. However, the evidence on the treatment of smartphone addiction was limited and of lower quality.

Summary

The practical value of the identified interventions remains unclear due to the heterogeneity of reported outcomes and the lack of high-quality evidence. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal interventions for internet and smartphone addiction.

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  1. Huayu Yang, Haiyun Guo, and Zhihui Zhu contributed equally and should be considered as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

    Huayu Yang, Haiyun Guo, Zhihui Zhu, Guojing Yuan, Xueqing Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Xiaoyan Lu, Jianghui Zhang, Jun Du, Haiyan Shi, Guifang Jin & Zhihua Zhang

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Contributions

Huayu Yang designed the study and completed the manuscript. Haiyun Guo, Zhihui Zhu, and Guojing Yuan performed literature searches. Xueqing Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Xiaoyan Lu, Jianghui Zhang, Guifang Jin, Haiyan Shi, and Jun Du contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Zhihua Zhang critically revised the work and completed the final editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Yang, H., Guo, H., Zhu, Z. et al. Intervention of Internet Addiction and Smartphone Addiction: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Curr Addict Rep 11, 125–148 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00536-w

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