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Muscular Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the Italian National Network of Pharmacovigilance Database

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Abstract

Introduction

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been implicated in the occurrence of moderate to severe myopathies in several case reports.

Aim

This study was performed to assess the reporting risk of muscular adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with PPIs in the Italian National Network of Pharmacovigilance database.

Methods

A disproportionality analysis (case/non-case) was performed using spontaneous reports collected in the database between July 1983 and May 2016. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as a measure of disproportionality. In a secondary and tertiary analysis, we explored the association of PPIs with muscular ADRs after taking into account the masking effect of statins. Moreover, the possibility of an interaction between PPIs and statins, leading to the occurrence of muscular ADRs, was also tested.

Results

The study was carried out on 274,108 reports. The ROR of muscular ADRs for PPIs, adjusted for age and gender, was 1.484 (95% CI 1.204–1.829; p < 0.001), whereas the ROR for rhabdomyolysis was 0.621 (95% CI 0.258–1.499). Similar results were obtained in the secondary analysis. The tertiary analysis, where PPIs were considered regardless of whether their role was suspected or concomitant, showed a potential disproportionate reporting for the combination PPIs–rhabdomyolysis (ROR 1.667, 95% CI 1.173–2.369; p < 0.01). The PPIs–statins combination was not associated with an enhanced ROR of muscular ADRs/rhabdomyolysis compared with statins alone.

Conclusions

This explorative study suggests that the class of PPIs could be involved in reports of muscular ADRs, rather than any other ADR, more frequently than any non-statin drug. Our results must be corroborated by further studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Alice Capogrosso Sansone, Irma Convertino, Maria Teresa Galiulo, Stefania Mantarro, Alessandra Marino & Corrado Blandizzi

  2. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Stefano Salvadori, Stefania Pieroni & Tamara Knezevic

  3. Pfizer Inc., 235 East 42nd Street, Mail Stop 150-3-80 W, New York, NY, 10017, USA

    Manfred Hauben

  4. Unit of Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring, Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Corrado Blandizzi & Marco Tuccori

  5. Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Manfred Hauben

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  1. Alice Capogrosso Sansone
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Correspondence to Marco Tuccori.

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No funding was used for the preparation of this manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

Manfred Hauben is a full-time employed of Pfizer Inc. and receives part of his compensation in the form of stock options and restricted stock units. He has also declared he owns stocks in other pharmaceutical companies that, like Pfizer Inc., manufacture and/or market statins and PPIs. Marco Tuccori, Alice Capogrosso Sansone, Irma Convertino, Maria Teresa Galiulo, Stefano Salvadori, Stefania Pieroni, Tamara Knezevic, Stefania Mantarro, Alessandra Marino and Corrado Blandizzi have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this study.

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Capogrosso Sansone, A., Convertino, I., Galiulo, M.T. et al. Muscular Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the Italian National Network of Pharmacovigilance Database. Drug Saf 40, 895–909 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-017-0564-8

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