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Circulating salivary and serum miRNA-182, 320a, 375 and 503 expression levels in type 2 diabetes

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Abstract

Aim

Early-stage diagnosis of diabetes through non-invasive and diagnostic biofluid-like saliva has become a very popular approach to facilitate future preventive interventions and improve patient care. Meanwhile, the alteration of small non-coding RNA in human fluids has been suggested as a probable precedent for the early stages of diabetes.

Methods

In the present study, we checked the expression of miR-320a, 182-5p, 503, and 375 by using quantitative PCR in both stimulated and unstimulated saliva and blood samples of 40 adult patients with type-2 diabetes compared to 40 healthy individuals. In addition, we have sought to understand the possibility that miRNAs could provide new information about the status of type 2 diabetes in salivary samples beyond what can now be identified from blood samples and link their expression to the presence of clinically relevant risk factors. For this purpose, we have used a set of multivariate models.

Results

The results showed that three miRNAs were more highly expressed in patients with type 2 diabetes, while miR-320-a was down-regulated in those patients compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, the data showed that miR-320a was the most reliable predictor for distinguishing diabetic patients from healthy subjects, with AUCs of 0.997, 0.97, and 0.99 (97.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity, p = 0.001) for serum, unstimulated, and stimulated saliva samples, respectively.

Conclusions

Interestingly, the results of this study indicated that the amount of four miRNAs expressed in stimulated saliva was the same as in serum samples, which could conclude that specific miR-320a and 503 in stimulated saliva may introduce credible, non-invasive, and diagnostic biomarkers that can be used to monitor diabetic patients' status, while there is a need to design more research studies to confirm these findings.

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Data availability

The data supporting reported results can be requested of Yousef Khazaei Monfared. Yousef.khazaeimonfared@unito.it.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Yousef Khazaei Monfared and Maryam Honardoost have contributed equally in writing of this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran

    Yousef Khazaei Monfared

  2. Dip. Di Chimica, Università Di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy

    Yousef Khazaei Monfared

  3. Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Honardoost

  4. Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

    Michele Cea

  5. Tor Vergara University, Rome, Italy

    Soheyla Gholami

  6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Iraj Mirzaei-Dizgah

  7. Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

    Sima Hashemipour

  8. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

    Mohamad Reza Sarookhani

  9. Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

    Seyed Amir Farzam

Authors
  1. Yousef Khazaei Monfared
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Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology: Y.K.M., I.M.D., and S.A.F,. Material preparation: S.G., Y.K.M., MR.S; Investigation: Y.K.M., M.H.,. and S.G..; Data collection: Y.K.M., I.M.D., M.H., S.A.F., and S.H., M.C.,; Project administration: S.A.F., Y.K.M.; Writing—original draft preparation: Y.K.M., S.G., S.A.F., M.H., M.C.; Writing— review and editing: Y.K.M., I.M.D., MR.S., M.H., S.G., S.A.F., S.H, M.C.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyed Amir Farzam.

Ethics declarations

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflicts of interest

Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Study limitations

The most important limitation in writing our manuscript was that we could not find an enough report in regard to the assessment of the expression level of microRNAs in saliva samples as biomarkers in diabetes patients.

Institutional review board

The current study was carried out according to Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the ethics committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences with ethical Cod Number: IR.QUMS.REC.1398.055 (Webpage of ethical approval code is research.ac.ir).

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Yousef Khazaei Monfared and Maryam Honardoost are first co-authors.

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Monfared, Y.K., Honardoost, M., Cea, M. et al. Circulating salivary and serum miRNA-182, 320a, 375 and 503 expression levels in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 1469–1478 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01082-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01082-4

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