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Conventional Cytogenetic Approaches—Useful and Indispensable Tools in Discovering Fish Biodiversity

  • Cytogenetics (T Liehr, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Fishes exhibit the greatest biodiversity among extant vertebrates. In fact, about 34,000 fish species are currently estimated, of which ~ 25% are living in Neotropical freshwaters. Currently, several leading-edge studies using molecular biology procedures have largely contributed to the investigation of the fish genomic architecture at the chromosomal level. In this review, we intend to demonstrate that conventional cytogenetics is also a powerful procedure to identify and clarify both individual and inter- or intrapopulational fish characteristics and to unveil their biodiversity.

Recent Findings

Intra- or interpopulational chromosomal characteristics, revealing dramatic processes of evolution and cryptic divergence and even speciation, as well as unusual cases of interspecific hybridization, clonal reproduction, and sex chromosome differentiation, were, and still are, unmistakably discovered among fishes by using conventional, i.e., non-molecular cytogenetic procedures.

Summary

In this review, we aim to demonstrate that conventional cytogenetics constitutes a powerful and indispensable tool in characterizing the hidden biodiversity of the ichthyofauna. We focus on some key examples that clearly illustrate the importance and the efficiency of this approach.

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Funding

This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq (Proc. Nos. 401962/2016-4 and 304992/2015-1), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo–FAPESP (Proc. Nos. 2016/21411-7 and 2016/22196-2), and CAPES/Alexander von Humboldt (Proc. No. 88881.136128/2017-01). PR and AS were supported by the project EXCELLENCE CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000460 OP RDE and RVO: 67985904.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Orlando Moreira-Filho & Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo

  2. Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic

    Petr Ráb & Alexandr Sember

  3. Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

    Wagner Franco Molina

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  1. Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
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  6. Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
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Correspondence to Marcelo de Bello Cioffi.

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de Bello Cioffi, M., Moreira-Filho, O., Ráb, P. et al. Conventional Cytogenetic Approaches—Useful and Indispensable Tools in Discovering Fish Biodiversity. Curr Genet Med Rep 6, 176–186 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40142-018-0148-7

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