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Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: a Potential Cause of Vestibular and Auditory Impairment Following Head Trauma

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Symptomatic superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) consists of a wide array of auditory and vestibular symptoms that result from a “third window,” or bony opening, into the superior semicircular canal. This article is aimed at reviewing the pathophysiology, assessment methods, etiologies, treatment options, and correlation with head trauma for this unique entity.

Recent Findings

Common SSCD symptoms include chronic disequilibrium, abnormal eye movements, and auditory disturbances. The pathologic opening into the bony labyrinth by SSCD can lead to irregular fluid flow and pressure gradients, disrupting inner ear function. Most patients with incidentally discovered SSCD on imaging are asymptomatic; a secondary injury event is believed to trigger onset of symptoms via acute intravestibular and/or intracranial pressure changes. Multiple treatment options exist for SSCD, ranging from conservative measures to invasive surgeries.

Summary

Abnormal vestibular and auditory functions are common symptoms of SSCD, which may be precipitated by head trauma. SSCD management should match the severity of symptoms to maximize benefits while minimizing morbidity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, St Luke’s University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA

    Timothy Fan & Pamela C. Roehm

  2. Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, 160 E Erie Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA

    Pamela C. Roehm

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  1. Timothy Fan
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Correspondence to Pamela C. Roehm.

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Fan, T., Roehm, P.C. Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: a Potential Cause of Vestibular and Auditory Impairment Following Head Trauma. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep 11, 395–400 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-023-00422-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-023-00422-6

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