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Planning and Optimization of Hybrid Microgrid for Reliable Electrification of Rural Region

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The microgrid is an economical and feasible alternative to provide the electrification of current, and future scenarios as the depletion rate of conventional fuel are high. It is essential to optimize microgrid components, including batteries, to analyze the total system cost and reliability. In the present work, a rural microgrid is planned to integrate wind, solar, diesel generator, and battery systems. The remote region of Uttarakhand (India) selected for the techno-economic and feasibility analysis of the proposed microgrid. The planned objective is concerned with determining the least per unit cost of energy and viability of the model. The optimization algorithm is applied under different cases to check its effectiveness for optimal planning. The suggested framework can be considered as part of comprehensive energy management. The simulation results indicate the high potential of saving.

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Abbreviations

\(P_{s,t}^{Wind}\) :

Power supply to the grid by wind energy resource (kW)

\(P_{s,t}^{PV}\) :

Power supply to the grid by the solar energy system (kW)

\({\text{PV}}_{{\text{ power}}}\) :

Power output of PV array on an hourly basis (kW)

\({\text{P}}_{{{\text{rated}}}}\) :

PV array’s rated power (kW)

\({\text{f}}_{{{\text{PV}}}}\) :

Derating factor (%)

\({\text{I}}_{{\text{T}}}\) :

Solar insolation at temperature T (kw/m2)

\({\text{I}}_{{\text{s}}} { }\) :

Solar insolation at standard temperature

\(T_{cell}\) :

PV array cell temperature (°C)

\(T_{s}\) :

Cell temperature at 25 °C

\(\eta_{PV}\) :

PV panel efficiency (%)

tα :

Effective transmittance-absorptance

\(H_{l}\) :

Heat transfer coefficient (kW/m2/c)

\(T_{\alpha }\) :

Ambient temperature (°C)

\(V_{1}\) :

Cut-in speed (m/s)

COE:

Cost of energy

\(V_{r}\) :

Rated speed (m/s)

\(f_{gen}\) :

Fuel density (Kg/m3)

\(V_{2}\) :

Cut-out speed (m/s)

\(P_{r}\) :

Rated power (kW)

Q:

Initial energy of the battery

q1 :

Energy status in the beginning of time t

k :

Battery rate constant

c :

Capacity ratio

Δt:

Step length

q max :

Maximum charge capacity of the battery bank

q1 and q2 :

Final bound energy of the battery

P :

Battery bank total power

F :

Total fuel consumption

f0 :

Intercept co-efficient of fuel curve

f1 :

Slope of fuel curve

\(P_{gen}\) :

Generator's electric output.

\(P_{wt}\) :

Wind turbine output

\(\eta_{w}\) :

Efficiency of wind turbine (%)

Aw :

Swift area of wind turbine (m2)

\(gen_{1t} ,gen_{2t} ,gen_{3t}\) :

Capacity of the diesel generator

\(L_{1,t}\),\(L_{2,t}\), \(L_{3,t}\) :

Load demand of different categories

\(S_{12,t}\),\(S_{13,t} ,S_{23,t} ,S_{13,t} S_{24 ,t}\) :

Co-efficient of node matrix.

\(E_{t}^{battery}\) :

Stored energy in the battery.

\(P_{t,m}^{charge}\) :

Charging power of the battery

\(\eta_{charge}\) :

Charging efficiency of the battery (%)

\(SOC_{charge}\) :

State of charge of the battery (%)

\(SOC_{discharge}\) :

State of discharge of the battery (%)

DG :

Diesel generator

SPV :

Solar photovoltaic

WT :

Wind turbine

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  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, 202002

    Md Mustafa Kamal & Imtiaz Ashraf

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  1. Md Mustafa Kamal
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Kamal, M.M., Ashraf, I. Planning and Optimization of Hybrid Microgrid for Reliable Electrification of Rural Region. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B 103, 173–188 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-021-00631-4

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