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Sources, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Cells in Tissue Engineering

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) is a therapeutic option within regenerative medicine that allows to mimic the original cell environment and functional organization of the cell types necessary for the recovery or regeneration of damaged tissue using cell sources, scaffolds, and bioreactors. Among the cell sources, the utilization of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) has gained great interest because these multipotent cells are capable of differentiating into diverse tissues, in addition to their self-renewal capacity to maintain their cell population, thus representing a therapeutic alternative for those diseases that can only be controlled with palliative treatments. This review aimed to summarize the state of the art of the main sources of MSCs as well as particular characteristics of each subtype and applications of MSCs in TE in seven different areas (neural, osseous, epithelial, cartilage, osteochondral, muscle, and cardiac) with a systemic revision of advances made in the last 10 years. It was observed that bone marrow-derived MSCs are the principal type of MSCs used in TE, and the most commonly employed techniques for MSCs characterization are immunodetection techniques. Moreover, the utilization of natural biomaterials is higher (41.96%) than that of synthetic biomaterials (18.75%) for the construction of the scaffolds in which cells are seeded. Further, this review shows alternatives of MSCs derived from other tissues and diverse strategies that can improve this area of regenerative medicine.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the support of Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez. The authors thank Crimson Interactive Pvt. Ltd. (Enago)—https://www.enago.com/es/ for their assistance in manuscript translation and editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340, CDMX, Mexico

    Rosa Angelica Gonzalez-Vilchis & Angelica Piedra-Ramirez

  2. Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, CDMX, Mexico

    Carlos Cesar Patiño-Morales & Concepcion Sanchez-Gomez

  3. Department of Processes and Technology, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Cuajimalpa. Vasco de Quiroga 4871. Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348, CDMX, Mexico

    Nohra E. Beltran-Vargas

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  1. Rosa Angelica Gonzalez-Vilchis
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  2. Angelica Piedra-Ramirez
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  3. Carlos Cesar Patiño-Morales
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  4. Concepcion Sanchez-Gomez
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  5. Nohra E. Beltran-Vargas
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Contributions

R.A.G.V. and A.P.R. Undergraduate student. conceptualization, methodology, writing-original draft preparation, writing-review and editing. C.C.P.M. PhD. Conceptualization, writing-review and editing, final approval. C.S.G. PhD. Writing-review and editing, funding acquisition, final approval. N.E.B.V. PhD. conceptualization, methodology, writing-review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition, final approval.

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Correspondence to Nohra E. Beltran-Vargas.

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Gonzalez-Vilchis, R.A., Piedra-Ramirez, A., Patiño-Morales, C.C. et al. Sources, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Cells in Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 19, 325–361 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-021-00417-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-021-00417-1

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