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Extracts from the trunk bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus Baillon. (Caesalpiniaceae) developed antidiarrhoeal activities in rats and mice

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Abstract

Distemonanthus benthamianus is used in Cameroon to treat diarrhoeal episodes. The study aimed to evaluate its antidiarrhoeal potential in Wistar rats and BALB/c mice. Extracts were preliminary investigated for phytochemical components, total phenols quantification and DPPH scavenging activity. Their effects were also evaluated against castor oil-induced diarrhoea, prostaglandin-E1-induced fluid accumulation, charcoal meal motility test, as well as against magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea and electrolytes regulation. The methanolic extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, sterols, tannins and triterpenes while aqueous extract was devoid of sterols and triterpenes. Phenolic compounds were more concentrated in methanolic extract, which also developed significant DPPH scavenging effects. In castor oil-induced diarrhoea, significant (p < 0.001) reduction in diarrhoeal stools frequency was observed with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract, while 400 mg/kg of methanolic extract exhibited maximum effect. Total stools frequency was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced with doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg of extracts. Maximum protection was obtained with 400 mg/kg of both extracts in magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea. That dose significantly (p < 0.001) reduced Na+ excretion, while Ca2+ excretion was significantly (p < 0.001) increased with 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract. Both extracts significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) reduced the intestinal fluids mass and volume similarly compared to the negative control groups. The gut motility was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced with 100 and 200 mg/kg of methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Extracts are therefore antidiarrhoeal remedies candidates, since they provoked a decrease in intestinal motility, associated with fluid and electrolytes regulation across the gut.

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Acknowledgements

This work is the first part of a Project supported by the CIIT-TWAS Sandwich Postgraduate Fellowship [FR number: 3240293217, 2016]. The authors would thus express their thanks for funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Yousseu Nana William, Ateufack Gilbert, Mbiantcha Marius, Tchoumba Tchoumi Liliane Mireille, Matah Mba Marthe Vanessa, Adjouzem Carine Flore & Kamanyi Albert

  2. Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan

    Yousseu Nana William, Abdul Jabbar Shah & Taous Khan

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Teboukeu Boungo Gires

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Awouafack Maurice Ducret

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  1. Yousseu Nana William
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Contributions

YNW collected plant material, performed pharmacological assays, statistical analysis and prepared the manuscript. AG, AJS, TK and KA conceived, revised the manuscript and supervised the study. MM helped in raw data analysis and provided punctual assistance. TTLM, MMMV and ACF contributed in plant collection and laboratory work. AMD contributed in phytochemical screening. TBG helped in performing antioxidant assay. All authors critically read and approved the final manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Ateufack Gilbert or Taous Khan.

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Ethical statement

Experimental procedures were carried out according to the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978). The Institutional Ethical Committee (Phm.Eth/FA17-CS-M10/18-010-72) of COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, approved all experimental rules.

Conflict of interest

Yousseu Nana William has no conflict of interest. Ateufack Gilbert has no conflict of interest. Abdul Jabbar Shah has no conflict of interest. Mbiantcha Marius has no conflict of interest. Tchoumba Tchoumi Liliane Mireille has no conflict of interest. Matah Mba Marthe Vanessa has no conflict of interest. Adjouzem Carine Flore has no conflict of interest. Teboukeu Boungo Gires has no conflict of interest. Awouafack Maurice Ducret has no conflict of interest. Taous Khan has no conflict of interest. Kamanyi Albert has no conflict of interest.

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William, Y.N., Gilbert, A., Shah, A.J. et al. Extracts from the trunk bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus Baillon. (Caesalpiniaceae) developed antidiarrhoeal activities in rats and mice. Orient Pharm Exp Med 19, 421–433 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00385-x

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