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Adipose stromal vascular fraction: a promising treatment for severe burn injury

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Abstract

Thermal skin burn injury affects both adults and children globally. Severe burn injury affects a patient’s life psychologically, cosmetically, and socially. The pathophysiology of burn injury is well known. Due to the complexity of burn pathophysiology, the development of specific treatment aiding in tissue regeneration is required. Treatment of burn injury depends on burn severity, size of the burn and availability of donor site. Burn healing requires biochemical and cellular events to ensure better cell response to biochemical signals of the healing process. This led to the consideration of using cell therapy for severe burn injury. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have become a therapeutic option because of their ability for self-renewal and differentiation. Adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), isolated from adipose tissues, is a heterogeneous cell population that contains adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ADSC), stromal, endothelial, hematopoietic and pericytic lineages. SVF isolation has advantages over other types of cells; such as heterogeneity of cells, lower invasive extraction procedure, high yield of cells, and fast and easy isolation. Therefore, SVF has many characteristics that enable them to be a therapeutic option for burn treatment. Studies have been conducted mostly in animal models to investigate their therapeutic potential for burn injury. They can be used alone or in combination with other treatment options. Treatment with both ADSCs and/or SVF enhances burn healing through increasing re-epithelization, angiogenesis and decreasing inflammation and scar formation. Research needs to be conducted for a better understanding of the SVF mechanism in burn healing and to optimize current techniques for enhanced treatment outcomes.

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Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the contributions of University of Jeddah.

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  1. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khloud Fakiha

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Severe burn is a global incidental injury. The mechanism behind it is well-known. However, treatment options need to be developed for better results. This review presented the advantages and disadvantages of available treatments. Recently, SVF has been used clinically as a therapeutic option for severe burn injury showing promising results in both human and animal models. However, the mechanism behind its effect still needs to be discovered.

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Fakiha, K. Adipose stromal vascular fraction: a promising treatment for severe burn injury. Human Cell 35, 1323–1337 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-022-00743-z

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