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Determination of Mass Transfer Coefficients on the Obtaining of Caffeine from Tea Stalk by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide With and Without Ethanol

  • Research Article - Chemical Engineering
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Abstract

This study deals determination of mass transfer coefficients on the obtaining of caffeine from tea stalk wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Tea stalk wastes of Turkish tea plants that have no economical value were employed as raw material throughout determination of mass transfer experiments. Mass transfer coefficients were calculated at the caffeine extraction experiments with and without cosolvent. For this purpose, ethanol was pumped to the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system as a cosolvent. In these experimental studies, extraction procedures were repeated at different temperature by keeping optimum conditions at specified the previous study. Optimized parameters in the caffeine leaching from tea stalks were fixed throughout the study such as pressure of 250 bar, the average particle size of 0.202 mm, \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) flow rate of 10 g/min (5.23 g ethanol/100 g \(\hbox {CO}_{2})\). Correlation was obtained from retention time in order to calculate mass transfer coefficient. Using the correlation, coefficients were calculated in supercritical \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) extraction with and without ethanol at 333 K temperature, \(k_\mathrm{L}=3.782\times 10^{-8}\,\hbox {m}/\hbox {min}\), \(k_\mathrm{L}=1.591\times 10^{-8}\,\hbox {m}/\hbox {min}\), respectively. Consequently, it has been observed that mass transfer coefficient is increased approximately 2.4 times when ethanol is utilized the amount of 5% besides of 95% \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\). On the other hand, more caffeine can be extracted in a shorter period by means of ethanol pumping as cosolvent.

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Abbreviations

A :

Total particle surface area (\(\hbox {m}^{2}\))

\(C_\mathrm{A}\) :

Concentration of caffeine in the water at the time t (\(\hbox {kg}/\hbox {m}^{3}\), mg/L)

\(C_\mathrm{A0}\) :

Concentration of caffeine in the water at the \(t=0\); initial concentration (\(\hbox {kg}/\hbox {m}^{3}\), mg/L)

\(C_\mathrm{As}\) :

Concentration of caffeine in the water at the particle surface (\(\hbox {kg}/\hbox {m}^{3}\), mg/L)

\(C_{\mathrm{A}\,(t\rightarrow \infty )}\) :

Concentration of caffeine in the water at the end of the process; final concentration (\(\hbox {kg}/\hbox {m}^{3}\), mg/L)

\(E_\mathrm{b}\) :

Equilibrium fraction

\(k_\mathrm{L}\) :

Mass transfer coefficient (m/min)

\(N_\mathrm{A}\) :

Flux (\(\hbox {kg}/\hbox {m}^{2}\,\hbox {min}\))

t :

Time (min)

T :

Temperature (K)

\(\tau \) :

Retention time (min)

V :

Volume (\(\hbox {m}^{3}\), mL)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deparment of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Turkey

    Hacer İçen

  2. Deparment of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Gazi Universty, 06430, Ankara, Turkey

    Metin Gürü

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  1. Hacer İçen
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  2. Metin Gürü
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Correspondence to Hacer İçen.

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İçen, H., Gürü, M. Determination of Mass Transfer Coefficients on the Obtaining of Caffeine from Tea Stalk by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide With and Without Ethanol. Arab J Sci Eng 43, 2257–2262 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2684-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2684-y

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