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Diversity of Apple mosaic virus Isolates in India Based on Coat Protein and Movement Protein Genes

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Abstract

Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), an Ilarvirus is one of the most common pathogens of apple worldwide. During field surveys in commercial plantations of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir, observations of bright chlorotic mosaic like symptoms on apple trees indicated probable infection by the virus, which was later detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). An incidence of 24 and 28% (based on ELISA) was obtained as 6/25 and 15/53 samples from HP and J&K were positive, respectively. An amplification of approximately 700 and 850 bp was obtained for coat and movement protein genes (CP and MP), respectively. The CP was 223 amino acids in length and showed 87–99% identity when compared to 21 ApMV isolates. Whereas, MP (286 amino acids) showed 91–95% identity with other isolates. However, the gene sequences were quite conserved among Indian isolates and grouped together phylogenetically. CP of the Indian isolates showed maximum identity of 95% with Korean isolate (AY 125977) in apple and in other host these showed a maximum identity of 98% to Czech Republic pear isolate. MP showed maximum identity with Chinese isolate i.e., 95%. The diversity study will also help in analyzing variability among the isolates and also to formulate diagnostic and resistance strategies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to the Director, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India for encouragement and providing the necessary facilities and also to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of Biotechnology for financial assistance to VL. Thanks are due to Digvijay Singh Naruka for expert technical assistance with sequencing. This is IHBT Publication number: 2090.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Virology Lab, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Vijay Lakshmi, Vipin Hallan, Raja Ram & A. A. Zaidi

  2. Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology IARI, New Delhi, India

    A. Varma

  3. Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH), Srinagar, J&K, India

    Nazeer Ahmed

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  1. Vijay Lakshmi
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  2. Vipin Hallan
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  3. Raja Ram
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  4. Nazeer Ahmed
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  5. A. A. Zaidi
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  6. A. Varma
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Correspondence to A. A. Zaidi.

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Lakshmi, V., Hallan, V., Ram, R. et al. Diversity of Apple mosaic virus Isolates in India Based on Coat Protein and Movement Protein Genes. Indian J. Virol. 22, 44–49 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-011-0036-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-011-0036-1

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