Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is the main fungal disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in Jiangsu Province of China, causing oil quality declines and yield losses from 10 to 80 %. Chemical control, such as carbendazim (MBC) and dimethachlon, remains the major method to reduce the incidence of S. sclerotiorum. Isolates collected from Sclerotinia-infected stems of oilseed crops in Jiangsu province between 2010 and 2012, were tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim and dimethachlon in order to determine the level of resistance to these fungicides in the population of S. sclerotiorum in that province. Sensitivity tests showed that 375 isolates were resistant to carbendazim among the 3,701 isolates with a resistance frequency of 10.1 %; only one isolate in the Lian Yungang region of Jiangsu Province in 2010 showed normal growth at 5 μg/ml dimethachlon. The proportion of carbendazim-resistant isolates ranged from 0 to 44 % in different regions of Jiangsu. The field MBC-resistant isolates showed comparable mycelial growth, sclerotial production, pathogenicity and osmotic sensitivity to the MBC-sensitive isolates, which suggested that the field MBC-resistant isolates might have sufficient parasitic fitness to compete with the field sensitive isolates in the field; whereas the dimethachlon-resistant isolates were less fit than their parental isolates in terms above. Moreover, S. sclerotiorum exhibited positive cross-resistance between dimethachlon and other dicarboximide fungicides such as iprodione and procymidone.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abawi GS, Grogan RG (1979) Epidemiology of diseases caused by Sclerotinia species. Phytopathology 69:899–904
Alberoni G, Collina M, Pancaldi D, Brunelli A (2005) Resistance to dicarboximide fungicides in Stemphylium vesicarium of Italian pear orchards. Eur J Plant Pathol 113:211–219
Bardin SD, Huang HC (2001) Study on biology and control of Sclerotinia diseases in Canada. Can J Plant Pathol 23:88–98
Bolton DM, Nelson DB (2006) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Mol Plant Pathol 7:1–16
Brenneman TB, Phipps PM, Stipes RJ (1987) Sclerotinia blight of peanut: relationship between in vitro resistance and field efficacy of dicarboximide fungicides. Phytopathology 77:1028–1032
Christian T, Christopher JW, Jolanta JB, Rikard H, Berndt G (2001) Suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum apothecial formation by the soil bacterium Serratia plymuthica: identification of a chlorinated macrolide as one of the causal agents. Soil Biol Biochem 33:1817–1826
Cui W, Beever RE, Parkes SL, Templeton MD (2004) Evolution of an osmosensing histidine kinase in field strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) in response to dicarboximide fungicide usage. Phytopathology 94:1129–1135
Huang R, Levy Y (1995) Characterization of iprodione-resistant isolates of Alternaria brassicicola. Plant Dis 79:828–833
Jo YK, Niver AL, Rimelspach JW, Boehm MJ (2006) Fungicide sensitivity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from golf courses in Ohio. Plant Dis 90:807–813
Kuang J, Hou YP, Wang JX, Zhou MG (2011) Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to fludioxonil: in vitro determination of baseline sensitivity and resistance risk. Crop Prot 30:876–882
Letham DB, Huett DO, Trimboli DS (1976) Biology and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in cauliflower and tomato crops in coastal New South Wales. Plant Dis Rep 60:286–289
Li HX, Lu YJ, Zhou MG, Wang XF (2003) Mutation in β-tubulin of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum conferring resistance to carbendazim in rapeseed field isolate. Chin J Oil Crop Sci 25:56–60
Liu X, Yin YN, Yan LY, Michailides TJ, Ma NH (2009) Sensitivity to iprodione and boscalid of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates collected from rapeseed in China. Pestic Biochem Physiol 95:106–112
Lu G (2003) Engineering Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in oilseed crops. Afr J Biotechnol 2:509–516
Ma Z, Michailides JT (2004) Characterization of Iprodione-resistant Alternaria isolates from pistachio in California. Pestic Biochem Physiol 80:75–84
Ma Z, Yan LY, Luo Y, Michailides TJ (2007) Sequence variation in the two-component histidine kinase gene of Botrytis cinerea associated with resistance to dicarboximide fungicides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 88:300–306
Ma HX, Chen Y, Wang JX, Yu WY, Tang ZH, Chen CJ, Zhou MG (2009) Activity of carbendazim, dimethachlon, iprodione, procymidone and boscalid against Sclerotinia stem rot in Jiangsu Province of China. Phytoparasitica 37:421–429
Pan YL (1998) The resistance of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of rape to carbendazim and its management. Jiangsu J Agric Sci 14:159–163
Purdy LH (1979) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: history, disease, and symptomatology, host range, geographic distribution, and impact. Phytopathology 69:875–880
Sarma BK, Ameer BS, Singh DP, Singh UP (2007) Use of non-conventional chemicals as an alternative approach to protect chickpea (Cicer arietinum) from Sclerotinia stem rot. Crop Prot 26:1042–1048
Shi ZQ, Zhou MG, Ye ZY (2000) Resistance of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to carbendazim and dimethachlon. Chin J Oil Crop Sci 22:54–57
Smith FD, Phipps PM, Stipes RJ, Brenneman TB (1995) Significance of insensitivity of Sclerotinia minor to Iprodione in control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut. Plant Dis 79:517–523
Suty A, Stenzel K (1999) Iprovalicarb-sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola: determination of baseline sensitivity and assessment of the risk of resistance. Pflanzenschutz-Nachr Bayer 52:171–182
Sylvester-Bradley R, Donald CM (1984) A code for stages of development in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Asp Appl Biol 6:399–419
Viaud M, Fillinger S, Liu W, Polepalli SP, Le Pêcheur P, Kunduru AR, Leroux P, Legendre L (2006) A class III histidine kinase acts as a novel virulence factor in Botrytis cinerea. MPMI 19:1042–1050
Wang JX, Ma HX, Chen Y (2009) Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China. Crop Prot 28:882–886
Zhang XL, Sun XM, Zhang GF (2003) Preliminary report on the monitoring of the resistance of Sclerotinia libertinia to carbendazim and its internal management. Chin J Pestic Sci Adm 24:18–22
Zhao J, Meng J (2003) Detection of loci controlling seed glucosinolate content and their association with Sclerotinia resistance in Brassica napus. Plant Breed 122:19–23
Zhou BW, Luo Q (1994) Rapeseed diseases and control. China Commerce Publishing Co, Beijing (in Chinese)
Acknowledgement
This research was sponsored by the Science and Technology Support Programs from Jiangsu Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 201103016 and 200903052).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Yong Wang is the first author and Yi-Ping Hou is second author.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Hou, YP., Chen, CJ. et al. Detection of resistance in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to carbendazim and dimethachlon in Jiangsu Province of China. Australasian Plant Pathol. 43, 307–312 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-014-0271-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-014-0271-1