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Socio-Demographic, Reproductive and Clinical Profile of Women Diagnosed with Advanced Cervical Cancer in a Tertiary Care Institute of Delhi

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The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers among Indian women with estimated 123,000 new cases and 67,477 deaths in 2012. Cervical cancer is a multi-etiological disease. Factors such as low socioeconomic status, tobacco use, sexual and reproductive factors, HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases and long-term oral contraceptive use have been suggested as determinants. Assessment of socio-demographic profile and reproductive history gives a better picture of the determinants of cervical carcinoma in low-resource settings.

Methods

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary healthcare institute at New Delhi, India. Sixty-seven newly diagnosed women with advanced cervical cancer (stage 2B–4B), who were undertaking radio- and/or chemotherapy, were included to assess their socio-demographic, reproductive and clinical profile.

Results

The mean age of women at the time of detection of cervical cancer was 52.28 ± 11.29 years (range 30–75 years). More than 60 % of patients were illiterate and belonged to middle socioeconomic status. Thirty-nine percentage of the study subjects had their first sexual experience before 15 years of age. Nearly 54 % women had 5 or more pregnancies. Nearly 73 % of women had all deliveries at home. Majority (69 %) of women had symptoms suggestive of reproductive tract infection. Among them, unusual discharge from vagina (73.13 %) followed by bleeding after menopause (55.10 %) and pain in abdomen (44.77 %) were the most common presenting complaints. Pallor was present in nearly two-third (63.93 %) study subjects. More than half (56.72 %) study subjects had moderate anemia, and 7.46 % had severe anemia before treatment. Mean hemoglobin level of the study subjects was 10.35 ± 1.72 gm% before treatment and 9.69 ± 1.29 gm% after treatment. This difference was statistically significant. Around 97 % of the study subjects had squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Majority (53.73 %) of the study subjects were in stage 3B of cervical cancer. Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was the most common (77.67 %) modality of treatment.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, early sexual debut, high fertility, home delivery, reproductive tract infections, use of insanitary clothes during menstruation and anemia were observed in majority of women with advanced cancer cervix. Presence of these factors indicates possible risk of cervical cancer and should be kept in mind when women seek health services. Early diagnosis through high risk or opportunistic screening and timely management of cervical cancer needs to be ensured for better outcomes.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. GK Rath, Chief of Dr B R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, AIIMS, New Delhi, for providing guidance in the planning and execution of this research.

Funding

This study was not funded by any grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, 110001, India

    Neha Dahiya, Damodar Bachani & Anita S. Acharya

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India

    D. N. Sharma, Subhash Gupta & K. P. Haresh

Authors
  1. Neha Dahiya
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  2. Damodar Bachani
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  4. D. N. Sharma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Neha Dahiya.

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Conflict of interest

None (for all authors).

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Neha Dahiya, Postgraduate Resident in Department of Community Medicine at Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals; Damodar Bachani, Director Professor in Department of Community Medicine at Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals; Anita S Acharya, Professor in Department of Community Medicine at Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals; D.N. Sharma, Professor in Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); Subhash Gupta, Assistant Professor in Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); K.P. Haresh, Assistant Professor in Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCH at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).

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Dahiya, N., Bachani, D., Acharya, A.S. et al. Socio-Demographic, Reproductive and Clinical Profile of Women Diagnosed with Advanced Cervical Cancer in a Tertiary Care Institute of Delhi. J Obstet Gynecol India 67, 53–60 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-016-0907-x

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