Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potency of Gonggong sea snail’s (GSS) extract as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) source. The results showed that the GSS meat extracts exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A peptide band with a molecular weight < 5 kDa was obtained for the characterization of AMP candidates after separating the selected extract using SDS-PAGE, and the sequences were acquired by LC–ESI–MS analysis. The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that the AMP candidate had a molecular weight of 1.4 kDa, which consisted of 12 amino acid residues (RHPDYSVALLLR), with an α-helix structure, isoelectric point pH (pI) of 9.53, net charge + 1, a total hydrophobic ratio at 49.9%, protein-binding potential (Boman index) of 2.17 kcal/mol, and hydrophobicity of + 13.67 kcal/mol. Furthermore, MIC and MBC values of the extract and the < 10 kDa fraction on both bacteria ranged from 0.50–1.03 mg/ml. The GSS meat extract could reach the intracellular site of E. coli, while in S. aureus, it was localized in the cell membrane. These results can be baseline information for developing AMPs in natural bio-preservative exploration as food additives and pharmaceuticals.
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Abbreviations
- AMP:
-
Antimicrobial peptide
- BSA:
-
Bovine serum albumin
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- FITC:
-
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
- LB:
-
Lysogeny broth
- MBC:
-
Minimum bactericidal concentration
- MHA:
-
Mueller–Hinton agar
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- MWCO:
-
Molecular weight cut off
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- SDS-PAGE:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TFA:
-
Trifluoroacetic acid
- Tris:
-
Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
- LC–ESI–MS:
-
Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Higher Education-Republic of Indonesia, the Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center-Bogor Agricultural University, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries-Raja Ali Haji Maritime University and the scientific support for the work (Muzahar, Hasan Nashrullah, and Agus A. Hakim).
Funding
This research was funded by Directorate General of Research Empowerment and Development, the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Republic Indonesia through PDUPT Program (Grant No 4133/IT3.L1/PN/2018).
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LV: Conceptualization; Methodology; Formal Analysis; Investigation; Visualization; Writing- original draft preparation; Writing: review and editing; MTS: Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing—review and editing; Supervision; MN: Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing—review and editing; Supervision; SS: Visualization; Writing – original draft; Writing: review and editing; NA: Conceptualization; Methodology; Writing—review and editing; Supervision; Funding acquisition.
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Viruly, L., Suhartono, M.T., Nurilmala, M. et al. Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) candidate from Gonggong Sea Snail (Leavistrombus turturella) extract. J Food Sci Technol 60, 44–52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05585-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05585-z