Abstract
The present research was inducted to assess the physical properties of Terminalia bellerica fruit which is commonly known as belleric myrobalan. The research includes dimensional properties, gravimetric properties, and frictional properties of the T. bellerica. These properties form an important base for the designing of machine or equipment; those are used in the post-harvest operations. The reported average value for the dimensions of the fruit were 26.80 mm, 20.85 mm, 20.85 mm as long dimensional axis, intermediate dimensional axis, and short dimensional axis respectively. The arithmetic mean diameter, equivalent mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter were calculated as 22.54 mm, 22.32 mm, and 22.31 mm respectively. The sphericity was found to be 0.83 while the aspect ratio was 0.78. In the gravimetric properties, true density and the bulk density for the dried fruit of T. bellerica was found to be 0.63 g/cm3 and 0.57 g/cm3 respectively. In the frictional properties, static coefficient of friction was found to be highest on the mild steel and plywood sheet (0.25) and lowest was on the stainless steel sheet (0.19). The angle of repose was found to be 33.96°. Along with the physical properties of the fruit, mass modeling was done for which the fruits were categorized into 3 categories based on their weight. Each category of fruit showed the different significance level and regression factor in every model namely linear, quadratic, power, and S-curve. The quadratic model showed highest level of significance for all the dimensions, area and volume in the small and large mass group while power model was the best fit in the medium mass group. It was concluded that the quadratic model in the small and large mass group while power model in the medium mass group are recommended as best fit and can be used for the design considerations of any post-harvest machine or equipment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AOAC (2002) Official methods of analysis association. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC
Bozokalfa MK, Kilic M (2010) Mathematical modeling in the estimation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit volume. Chil J Agric Res 70(4):626–632
Burubai W, Amber B (2014) Some physical properties and proximate composition of Ipoli fruits. J Food Process Technol. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000343
Deb A, Barua S, Das B (2016) Pharmacological activities of Baheda (Terminalia bellerica): a review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 5(1):194
Eifert JD, Sanglay GC, Lee DJ, Sumner SS, Pierson MD (2006) Prediction of raw produce surface area from weight measurement. J Food Eng 74(4):552–556
Gupta SV, Wankhade VR, Patil BN, Nimkar PM (2015) Physico-mechanical properties of sapota (Achras sapota L.). J Appl Hortic 17(3):225–229
Jain RK, Bal S (1997) Properties of pearl millet. J Agric Eng Res 66(2):85–91
Kapoor LD (1990) Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants. CRC Press, London
Khanali M, Ghasemi Varnamkhasti M, Tabatabaeefar A, Mobli H (2007) Mass and volume modelling of tangerine (Citrus reticulate) fruit with some physical attributes. Int Agrophys 21(4):329
Khoshnam F, Tabatabaeefar A, Varnamkhasti MG, Borghei A (2007) Mass modeling of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit with some physical characteristics. Sci Hortic 114(1):21–26
Kumar S, Pradhan RC, Mishra S (2016) Exploration of Shorea robusta (Sal) seeds, kernels and its oil. Cogent Food Agric 2(1):1186140
McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriott P (1993) Unit operations of chemical engineering, vol 1130. McGraw-Hill, New York
Mirzaee E, Rafiee S, Keyhani AR, Djom-eh ZE, Kheiralipour K (2008) Mass modeling of two varieties of apricot (Prunus armenaica L.) with some physical characteristics. Plant Omics 1(1):37–43
Mohsenin NN (1970) Physical properties of plant and animal materials. In: Structure, physical characteristics and mechanical properties. Gordon and Breach Science, New York
Motamarri SN, Karthikeyan M, Kannan M, Rajasekar S (2012) Terminalia belerica Roxb.—A phytopharmacological review. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci 3:96–99
Naderi-Boldaji M, Fattahi R, Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti M, Tabatabaeefa A, Jannatizadeh A (2008) Models for predicting the mass of apricot fruits by geometrical attributes (cv. Shams, Nakhjavan, and Jahangiri). Sci Hortic 118(4):293–298
Pathak SS, Pradhan RC, Mishra S (2019) Physical characterization and mass modeling of dried Terminalia chebula fruit. J Food Process Eng. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12992
Pitts MJ, Hyde GM, Cavalieri RP (1987) Modeling potato tuber mass with tuber dimensions. Trans ASAE 30(4):1154–1159
Pradhan RC, Meda V, Naik SN, Tabil L (2010) Physical properties of Canadian grown flaxseed in relation to its processing. Int J Food Prop 13(4):732–743
Pradhan RC, Said PP, Singh S (2012) Physical properties of bottle gourd seeds. Agric Eng Int CIGR J 15(1):106–113
Salihah BN, Rosnah S, Norashikin AA (2015) Mass modeling of malaysian varieties pomelo fruit (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) with some physical characteristics. Int Food Res J 22(2):488
Shahbazi F, Rahmati S (2013) Mass modeling of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit with some physical characteristics. Food Nutr Sci 4(01):1
Shahbazi F, Rahmati S (2014) Mass modelling of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruit with some physical characteristics. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods 6(2):215–219
Shahi-Gharahlar A, Yavari AR, Khanali M (2009) Mass and volume modeling of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit based on physical characteristics. J Fruit Ornam Plant Res 17(2):175–189
Shahnawaz M, Sheikh SA (2011) Physicochemical characteristics of Jamun fruit. J Hortic For 3(10):301–306
Singh KK, Goswami TK (1996) Physical properties of cumin seed. J Agric Eng Res 64(2):93–98
Stroshine R, Hamann D (1995) Physical properties of agricultural materials and food products. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, West Lafay-ette 30–89
Suthar SH, Das SK (1996) Some physical properties of karingda [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf] seeds. J Agric Eng Res 65(1):15–22
Tabatabaeefar A, Vefagh-Nematolahee A, Rajabipour A (2000) Modeling of orange mass based on dimensions. J Agric Sci Technol 2(4):299–305
Vázquez-Cruz MA, Torres-Pacheco I, Miranda-Lopez R, Cornejo-Perez O, Osornio-Rios AR, Romero-Troncoso R, Guevara-Gonzalez RG (2010) Potential of mathematical modeling in fruit quality. Afr J Biotech 9(3):260–267
Vivek K, Mishra S, Pradhan RC (2018) Physicochemical characterization and mass modelling of Sohiong (Prunus nepalensis L.) fruit. J Food Meas Charact 12(2):923–936
Acknowledgements
Funding for this research was provided by the Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED), under Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi (India).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pathak, S.S., Pradhan, R.C. & Mishra, S. Mass modeling of Belleric Myrobalan and its physical characterization in relation to post-harvest processing and machine designing. J Food Sci Technol 57, 1290–1300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04162-1
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04162-1