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Observational Learning in Surgical Skill Development

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Abstract

Observation plays a key role in the development of surgical skills, as it allows trainees to learn from experts and improve their performance through trial-and-error practice. This process, known as motor learning, involves the creation of new neural pathways that enable precise control of surgical instruments through hand movements. In recent years, there has been a shift towards minimally invasive surgery, which requires surgeons to continually learn new motor skills to control specialized instrumentation. Motor learning can be enhanced through repetition and the observation of expert performances. Observational learning is particularly useful when it is used in combination with physical practice, as it can provide hints and clues about important aspects of the task that may not be immediately apparent through verbal instruction alone. The role of mirror neurons, which are activated both when an action is performed and when it is observed, is also important in the process of observational learning. By understanding the mechanisms behind observational learning and the factors that influence its effectiveness, trainers can optimize the use of this method in surgical training.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Head Neck Surgery and Oncology, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India

    Karthik Nagaraja Rao, Ambesh Singh & Prajwal Dange

  2. Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India

    Ripu Daman Arora

  3. Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India

    Nitin M. Nagarkar

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  1. Karthik Nagaraja Rao
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  2. Ripu Daman Arora
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  3. Ambesh Singh
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  4. Prajwal Dange
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  5. Nitin M. Nagarkar
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Correspondence to Karthik Nagaraja Rao.

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Rao, K.N., Arora, R.D., Singh, A. et al. Observational Learning in Surgical Skill Development. Indian J Surg Oncol 14, 540–544 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-023-01798-6

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