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A Bone Scan Is Valuable for Primary Staging of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in a Low-Resource Setting (Nigeria)

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Abstract

Objective

There is a paucity of information on bone scanning for prostate cancer from low-resource countries. This study evaluated the role of bone scan in the primary staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer in one such setting.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 126 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer undergoing an initial staging bone scan between January 2017 and December 2020 was carried out at a regional nuclear medicine center in Nigeria. Bone scan results were analyzed according to age, serum level of baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason score. Equivocal scans and patients with no Gleason score or baseline PSA were excluded from the analysis. p < 0.05 was said to be significant statistically.

Results

Of 111 patients (aged 38–84 years, median 66 years), who met the inclusion criteria, 26 (23%) men had evidence of bony metastases as shown by a positive bone scan. Higher PSA levels and Gleason scores were associated with an increased risk of a positive bone scan, p < 0.001. No patient with a PSA level < 20 ng/mL and a Gleason score of < 7 had a positive bone scan.

Conclusion

The role of bone scanning in staging newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients in Nigeria is consistent with global reports. Our study confirms that a bone scan finding is well associated with the risk classification using PSA and Gleason score in our population.

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Data Availability

The study data is available from the records of the Department of Nuclear Medicine and the Urology Division of the Department of Surgery at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Please contact author for data set requests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Akintunde T. Orunmuyi

  2. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Urology Division, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Sikiru A. Adebayo, Augustine O. Takure & E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa

  3. Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Olayinka S. Ilesanmi

Authors
  1. Akintunde T. Orunmuyi
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  2. Sikiru A. Adebayo
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  4. Augustine O. Takure
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  5. E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa
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Contributions

The study was designed by Akintunde Taiwo Orunmuyi. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Akintunde T Orunmuyi, Augustine O Takure, Sikiru A Adebayo, and E.Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa. The data analysis was performed by Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi and Akintunde Taiwo Orunmuyi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Akintunde Taiwo Orunmuyi (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion), Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi (Methods, Results, Discussion), and E.Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa (Introduction and Discussion). All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akintunde T. Orunmuyi.

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Conflict of Interest

Akintunde Orunmuyi, Sikiru Adebayo, Olayinka Ilesanmi, Augustine Takure, and E.Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The University of Ibadan/University College Hospital (UI/UCH) ethics committee approved this study (Ethics Number UI/EC/20/0198) and waived the need for patients’ consent due to the retrospective design of this study. All bone scans were performed and utilized as part of the routine clinical management of prostate cancer by the referring clinician; no patient was re-injected or re-imaged for the purpose of this study. The authors certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Helsinki declaration as revised in 2013 and its later amendments.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable as the manuscript does not contain any data that can be identified to any individual person.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 5 Age, PSA, and Gleason scores of excluded patients
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Orunmuyi, A.T., Adebayo, S.A., Ilesanmi, O.S. et al. A Bone Scan Is Valuable for Primary Staging of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in a Low-Resource Setting (Nigeria). Nucl Med Mol Imaging 56, 96–101 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-021-00735-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-021-00735-1

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